本文選題：斜長花崗巖 + 聲發(fā)射　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：通過實(shí)地勘察葉巴灘壩址區(qū)揭示的深部巖體變形破裂現(xiàn)象,深刻分析深部卸荷發(fā)育的應(yīng)力環(huán)境與含水狀態(tài),科學(xué)的、合理的設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)方案。本文基于MTS815巖石力學(xué)試驗(yàn)機(jī)與PAC-II聲發(fā)射測試系統(tǒng),開展葉巴灘壩址區(qū)斜長花崗巖在不同圍壓與含水量的循環(huán)三軸加卸荷聲發(fā)射試驗(yàn)研究。根據(jù)聲發(fā)射振鈴計(jì)數(shù)、聲發(fā)射能量計(jì)數(shù)、振幅反映巖石變形破壞過程微破裂發(fā)育活動(dòng)性;基于破裂點(diǎn)空間集群分布特征,分析巖石內(nèi)部潛在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,并揭示巖石主破裂面形成過程與力學(xué)機(jī)制。論文主要研究成果如下:(1)根據(jù)聲發(fā)射事件率、累計(jì)事件數(shù)、振鈴計(jì)數(shù)、能量計(jì)數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系,可將整個(gè)聲發(fā)射過程劃分為5個(gè)階段,能夠較好的與巖石變形破壞階段相對應(yīng)。(2)由于巖石材料結(jié)構(gòu)、成分差異,以及不均性,巖石變形破壞過程b值變化有所差異,但大體上有如下規(guī)律:巖石失穩(wěn)破壞前b值會(huì)出現(xiàn)小幅度波動(dòng),表明巖石破裂處在穩(wěn)定漸進(jìn)破壞過程;在接近破壞時(shí),b值快速下降或大幅度波動(dòng),巖石結(jié)構(gòu)劇烈損傷,裂紋快速擴(kuò)展、貫通,代表一種突發(fā)式失穩(wěn)破壞。(3)基于以往聲發(fā)射事件空間分布的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析,提出一種統(tǒng)計(jì)聲發(fā)射事件空間分布規(guī)律的新方法,即時(shí)間-距離方法。通過該方法可將巖石變形破壞過程劃分為三個(gè)階段,并得到2個(gè)明顯的特征意義點(diǎn)。這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)在巖石變形破壞過程中具有重要的意義,可作為巖石變形破壞過程內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)改變的重要衡量指標(biāo)。(4)在聲發(fā)射初期,破裂點(diǎn)之間距離主要以3-6mm為主,且大于8mm的距離比例在10%以上,說明破裂點(diǎn)之間的距離較大,相關(guān)性不明顯。隨著巖石變形破壞進(jìn)程逐漸發(fā)展,距離較大的破裂點(diǎn)數(shù)量逐漸減少,破裂點(diǎn)距離集中分布在1-2mm,所占比例約50%。距離在0-1mm的破裂點(diǎn)所占比例,隨著巖石變形破壞過程逐漸增加,從最初的1%增加至10~30%。此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石失穩(wěn)破壞時(shí)空間相關(guān)長度最終保持在2mm左右,當(dāng)空間相關(guān)長度下降至2mm時(shí)預(yù)示著巖石試樣即將失穩(wěn)破壞。(5)圍壓是改善巖石力學(xué)性質(zhì)的重要因素,隨著圍壓增大飽和試樣與天然石的峰值應(yīng)力、峰值應(yīng)變都明顯增加。相同圍壓條件下,天然狀態(tài)巖樣峰值應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變明顯高于飽和狀態(tài)巖樣,說明水的存在降低巖石的強(qiáng)度,弱化巖石抵抗變形的能力。從巖石應(yīng)變的角度來看,聲發(fā)射變化規(guī)律與軸向殘余應(yīng)變、側(cè)向應(yīng)變、體積應(yīng)變具有較好的相關(guān)性,能有效的反映巖石變形破壞過程內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)損傷。(6)聲發(fā)射技術(shù)作為監(jiān)測巖體穩(wěn)定性的重要手段,在實(shí)踐工程中運(yùn)用廣泛�；诒疚奶岢龅暮饬繋r石失穩(wěn)破壞過程的新指標(biāo)d值,結(jié)合聲發(fā)射各階段破裂點(diǎn)的空間分布圖,確定破裂點(diǎn)空間集群方位,辨別巖石內(nèi)部潛在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的位置,建立衡量巖石失穩(wěn)破壞的新指標(biāo)。d值的變化趨勢與巖石變形破壞過程有較大的相關(guān)性,但要實(shí)現(xiàn)定量的評(píng)價(jià)巖石穩(wěn)定性,還有很多的后續(xù)工作需要開展。
[Abstract]:Through field investigation of deformation and fracture phenomena of deep rock mass in Yabatan dam site, the stress environment and water bearing state of deep unloading are deeply analyzed, and scientific and reasonable design and test scheme are designed.Based on MTS815 rock mechanics testing machine and PAC-II acoustic emission testing system, the cyclic triaxial loading and unloading acoustic emission test of the obliquity granites in Yabatan dam area under different confining pressure and water content is carried out.According to the acoustic emission ringing count, the acoustic emission energy count, the amplitude reflect the microfracture development activity during the rock deformation and failure process, based on the spatial cluster distribution characteristics of the fracture points, the potential dangerous areas within the rock are analyzed.The formation process and mechanical mechanism of the main fracture surface of rock are revealed.The main research results are as follows: (1) according to the change of AE event rate, cumulative event number, ringing count and energy count with time, the whole AE process can be divided into five stages.Because of the difference of rock material structure, composition, and unevenness, the change of b value of rock deformation and failure process is different.But there are the following rules: before the rock instability failure, the b value will fluctuate by a small margin, which indicates that the rock fracture is in the process of steady and progressive failure, and when the rock failure is approaching the failure, the b value will decrease rapidly or fluctuate by a large margin, and the rock structure will be severely damaged.Based on the statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of acoustic emission events in the past, a new method, time-distance method, is proposed to calculate the spatial distribution of acoustic emission events.Through this method, the rock deformation and failure process can be divided into three stages, and two distinct characteristic points can be obtained.These two points are of great significance in the process of rock deformation and failure, and can be used as an important index to measure the change of internal structure in the process of rock deformation and failure. In the initial stage of acoustic emission, the distance between the fracture points is mainly 3-6mm.The ratio of distance greater than 8mm is more than 10%, which indicates that the distance between rupture points is large and the correlation is not obvious.With the gradual development of rock deformation and failure process, the number of fracture points with a long distance decreases gradually, and the distance of fracture points is concentrated in 1-2mm, accounting for about 50%.The ratio of distance to the rupture point of 0-1mm increases gradually with the deformation and failure process of rock, from 1% to 1030%.In addition, it is found that the spatial correlation length of rock under instability failure is about 2mm, and when the spatial correlation length decreases to 2mm, it indicates that the confining pressure of rock specimen is an important factor to improve the mechanical properties of rock.With the increase of confining pressure, the peak strain of saturated specimen and natural stone increases obviously.Under the same confining pressure, the peak stress and strain of natural rock samples are obviously higher than that of saturated rock samples, which indicates that the existence of water reduces the strength of rock and weakens the ability of rock to resist deformation.From the point of view of rock strain, acoustic emission variation has a good correlation with axial residual strain, lateral strain and volume strain.Acoustic emission (AE) technology, which can effectively reflect the damage of internal structure in the process of rock deformation and failure, is widely used in practical engineering as an important means to monitor the stability of rock mass.Based on the new index d of rock instability and failure process proposed in this paper, combined with the spatial distribution map of fracture points in each stage of acoustic emission, the location of the space cluster of fracture points is determined, and the location of potential dangerous area inside rock is identified.To establish a new index. D value of rock instability and failure is related to the rock deformation and failure process, but to achieve quantitative evaluation of rock stability, there is still a lot of follow-up work needs to be carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV223

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