本文選題：云南 + 跨流域調(diào)水　； 參考：《云南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展及人口的大量增長，水資源已經(jīng)成為地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因子之一，尤其是對于云南省這一全國嚴(yán)重缺水的省份之一，干凈的水資源顯得彌足珍貴。但是由于水資源時空分布差異及水污染問題，造成云南省部分地區(qū)水資源相對豐富，而有些地區(qū)相對匱乏。為了緩解水資源供需間的矛盾，以及進(jìn)一步合理配置水資源，跨流域調(diào)水工程勢在必行。近年來，，隨著大中小引水工程的實施，受水區(qū)的用水形勢以及湖泊水環(huán)境均得到明顯改善。同時為了保障工程的持續(xù)運行以及后期管理維護(hù)，亟待解決問題便是跨流域生態(tài)補償。 本文以定性評價和定量評價相結(jié)合的方式，通過實地調(diào)研對掌鳩河引水工程、牛欄江補水工程、清水海引水工程、引洱入賓工程以及撫仙湖調(diào)水工程的研究和分析，并結(jié)合工程關(guān)于生態(tài)補償方面的資料，針對目前云南省調(diào)水工程，制定跨流域生態(tài)補償機(jī)制，不僅為工程的持續(xù)運行以及后期管理維護(hù)提供保障，還為各個流域人口、資源和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供新思路。主要的研究成果如下： 1．掌鳩河引水工程水源區(qū)水資源量補償費用為2.19億元，限制發(fā)展補償費用均值約為14.82億元，水污染防治補償費用0.32億元，水源涵養(yǎng)補償費用為0.21億元，其他潛在補償費用為0.95億元，而受水區(qū)承擔(dān)用水費用為10.74億元。牛欄江滇池補水工程水源區(qū)生態(tài)補償費用約為11.01億元，受水區(qū)生態(tài)補償費用為6億元。 2．結(jié)合案例分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)目前的跨流域調(diào)水工程關(guān)于生態(tài)補償存在以下問題：首先生態(tài)補償方式為資金補償、實物補償、政策性補償和項目補償，但均屬于政府補償，較為單一，水源區(qū)和受水區(qū)之間生態(tài)補償費用缺口較大，目前的生態(tài)補償方式不能滿足工程以后的運行及后期管理維護(hù)，其次水源區(qū)因水量減少造成生態(tài)、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會問題日益嚴(yán)峻，主要為面源污染嚴(yán)重、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與水源保護(hù)的矛盾突出、湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞嚴(yán)重。 3．初步制定了云南跨流域調(diào)水生態(tài)補償機(jī)制框架圖，機(jī)制主要構(gòu)成分為優(yōu)質(zhì)水源、補償主客體、評定團(tuán)隊以及相關(guān)政策建議。分析了機(jī)制各構(gòu)成要素之間的相互關(guān)系，認(rèn)為評定團(tuán)隊在機(jī)制運行中起核心作用，最后應(yīng)加強(qiáng)利益相關(guān)者關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)、制定合理的核算方法、制定相關(guān)激勵機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)補償機(jī)制運行的監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increase of population, water resources have become one of the important factors of regional sustainable development, especially for Yunnan Province, one of the provinces with severe water shortage.However, due to the difference of water resources distribution and water pollution, some parts of Yunnan Province are relatively rich in water resources, while some areas are relatively scarce.In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and to allocate water resources rationally, it is imperative to transfer water across river basins.In recent years, with the implementation of large, medium and small water diversion projects, the water use situation and lake water environment in the receiving areas have been improved obviously.At the same time, in order to ensure the continuous operation of the project and the later management and maintenance, the urgent problem to be solved is cross-basin ecological compensation.In this paper, by combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the research and analysis of Zhangjiu River diversion Project, Niulanjiang River Water diversion Project, clear Water diversion Project, Water diversion Project from Er-er to Bin and Fuxian Lake Water diversion Project are carried out through field investigation.In view of the current water transfer project in Yunnan Province, a cross-basin ecological compensation mechanism is developed, which not only provides protection for the continuous operation of the project and its later management and maintenance, but also provides protection for the population of each watershed, according to the information of the project on ecological compensation.Sustainable development of resources and environment provides new ideas.The main findings are as follows:1.The compensation cost of water resources in water source area of Zhangjiuhe River diversion Project is 219 million yuan, the average compensation cost of limited development is about 1.482 billion yuan, the compensation cost of water pollution prevention and control is 32 million yuan, and the compensation cost of water conservation is 21 million yuan.Other potential compensation costs are 95 million yuan, while the cost of water used in the receiving area is 1.074 billion yuan.The ecological compensation cost of water source area of Niulanjiang Dianchi water supply project is about 1.101 billion yuan, and that of water receiving area is 600 million yuan.2.Combined with the case analysis, it is found that there are the following problems in the ecological compensation of the current inter-basin water transfer projects: firstly, the ecological compensation methods are fund compensation, physical compensation, policy compensation and project compensation, but they all belong to the government compensation and are relatively single.The gap of ecological compensation cost between water source area and water receiving area is large. The current ecological compensation mode can not meet the future operation of the project and the later management and maintenance. Secondly, the water source area can cause ecology, environment and economy due to the decrease of water quantity.Social problems are becoming more and more serious, mainly due to the serious non-point source pollution, the contradiction between social economic development and water source protection, and the serious destruction of lake ecological environment.3.A preliminary frame map of ecological compensation mechanism for water transfer in Yunnan is drawn up. The mechanism is mainly composed of high quality water source, compensation subject and object, evaluation team and relevant policy recommendations.This paper analyzes the relationship between the various elements of the mechanism, thinks that the evaluation team plays a central role in the operation of the mechanism, and finally should strengthen the coordination of the stakeholder relationship, formulate reasonable accounting methods, and formulate the relevant incentive mechanism.Strengthen the supervision of the operation of the compensation mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV213.4;TV68

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