本文選題：河道-泛區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：二維水動(dòng)力模型　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于水土流失嚴(yán)重且河道淤積加劇,洪水特征漸向峰現(xiàn)提前、洪量驟增及洪水歷時(shí)短發(fā)展,以致洪災(zāi)頻繁發(fā)生,造成重大生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。目前,我國正處于由控制洪水向洪水管理的轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)期,綜合采用工程措施和非工程措施應(yīng)對洪災(zāi)是防洪減災(zāi)事業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。對洪水管理區(qū)域建立水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型,模擬洪水演進(jìn)全程并獲得淹沒水深、洪水流速、淹沒歷時(shí)及到達(dá)時(shí)間等洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信息,并基于此繪制淹沒區(qū)洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圖,已成為防洪減災(zāi)非工程措施建設(shè)的必要組成部分。本論文在防洪減災(zāi)非工程措施全面建設(shè)背景下,所做研究包含以下結(jié)論:(1)結(jié)合當(dāng)前洪水特征發(fā)展態(tài)勢及所致洪災(zāi)特點(diǎn),針對多種模型無法模擬潰口附近水流復(fù)雜流態(tài)及水力要素動(dòng)態(tài)銜接問題,提出河道-泛區(qū)二維水動(dòng)力動(dòng)態(tài)耦合模型理論,并據(jù)此建立模型。(2)采用多種技術(shù)措施對所建河道-泛區(qū)二維動(dòng)態(tài)耦合水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,主要包括:考慮潰口展寬、漫潰堤分流理論、熱啟動(dòng)和潰口形狀變動(dòng)處理技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)河道與堤防動(dòng)態(tài)無縫耦聯(lián);利用干水深和濕水深理論提高模型穩(wěn)定性和運(yùn)算效率;綜合采用糙率分區(qū)法和真實(shí)地形法解決密集構(gòu)筑物對水流運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響;綜合遙感影像、DEM和實(shí)測斷面數(shù)據(jù)還原河道地形。(3)研究洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析方法、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析與模型檢驗(yàn)方法、洪水影響評估與避險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移分析及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圖繪制,為洪水分析計(jì)算及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圖繪制提供技術(shù)理論支撐。(4)為滿足黃河內(nèi)蒙段冰凌封開河漫堤及汛期潰堤的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析需求,對河道及兩岸灌區(qū)建立二維動(dòng)態(tài)耦合水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)漫堤和潰堤洪水聯(lián)算功能,模擬分洪洪水在灌區(qū)內(nèi)的演進(jìn)情況,并根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果繪制洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圖。(5)根據(jù)黃河寧夏段漫灘及堤防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析需求,對河道及青銅峽河?xùn)|防洪保護(hù)區(qū)建立二維動(dòng)態(tài)耦合水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)河道洪水自由漫灘和潰堤洪水聯(lián)算功能,模擬洪水漫灘運(yùn)動(dòng)及其在防洪保護(hù)區(qū)二維平面內(nèi)的演進(jìn)情況,并基于模型計(jì)算結(jié)果繪制洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圖。本文所建河道-泛區(qū)二維動(dòng)態(tài)耦合水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型考慮了漫、潰堤位置處流態(tài)的復(fù)雜變化,彌補(bǔ)了一、二維耦合模型的不足,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)二維寬淺河道漫灘、漫堤、潰堤及其任意組合的洪水聯(lián)算,為相關(guān)部門制定避險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移路線、評估洪災(zāi)損失及防洪管理決策提供技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Due to serious soil and water loss and aggravation of river siltation, flood characteristics gradually peak ahead of schedule, flood volume increases and flood duration is short, which results in frequent flood and great loss of life and property.At present, China is in the transition period from flood control to flood management. It is an inevitable trend of flood control and disaster reduction to adopt comprehensive engineering and non-engineering measures to deal with flood.The hydrodynamic numerical model is established for flood management area, and flood risk information such as flood depth, flood velocity, flood duration and arrival time are obtained by simulating the whole course of flood routing. Based on this, the flood risk map of flooded area is drawn.It has become a necessary part of non-engineering measures for flood control and disaster reduction.In this paper, under the background of comprehensive construction of non-engineering measures for flood control and disaster reduction, the research includes the following conclusions: 1) combined with the development trend of current flood characteristics and the resulting flood characteristics,In order to solve the problem of complex flow state and dynamic connection of hydraulic elements near the gully, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic coupling model theory is proposed.Based on the above model, model No. 2 is established. Several technical measures are adopted to optimize the 2-D dynamic coupled hydrodynamic numerical model of river channel and pan-area, which mainly includes: considering the widening of breakers and the theory of overflow and diversion of embankment.The dynamic and seamless coupling of channel and embankment is realized by the technology of hot start and change of burst shape, and the model stability and operation efficiency are improved by using dry water depth and wet water depth theory.The flood risk analysis method, risk analysis and model checking method are studied by comprehensive use of roughness zoning method and real terrain method to solve the influence of dense structures on water flow movement, and synthetic remote sensing image Dem and measured cross-section data to restore river topography.Flood impact assessment, risk avoiding transfer analysis and risk map drawing provide technical theoretical support for flood analysis and calculation and risk map drawing.) to meet the flood risk analysis needs of the flood risk analysis of the Bingling Fengkai River embankment and the embankment in flood season in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River.A two dimensional dynamic coupled hydrodynamic numerical model is established for the river course and the irrigation area on both sides of the bank to realize the combined calculation function of the overtopping and break flood, and to simulate the flood routing in the irrigation area.According to the needs of flood bank and embankment risk analysis in Ningxia section of the Yellow River, a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic numerical model is established for river and Qingtongxia River East Flood Control Reserve.The combined calculation function of flood free floodplain and embankment flood is realized. The flood flood flood beach movement and its evolution in the two dimensional plane of flood protection area are simulated. The flood risk map is drawn based on the results of the model calculation.In this paper, the two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic numerical model of river channel and pan-area has considered the complex variation of flow state at the location of overflowing and break embankment, which makes up for the deficiency of the first and two-dimension coupling model, and can realize the two dimensional wide and shallow channel flooding and overtopping.The combined calculation of the breakwater and its arbitrary combination provides technical support for the relevant departments to formulate the route of avoiding risk and to evaluate the flood loss and the decision of flood control management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV122

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 馬貴友;;水工數(shù)值模型在河道洪水驗(yàn)算中的應(yīng)用[J];東北水利水電;2017年03期

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本文編號：1730076