本文選題：水安全　切入點(diǎn)：戰(zhàn)略對(duì)策　出處：《地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年10期

【摘要】：中國(guó)水資源面臨的形勢(shì)依然十分嚴(yán)峻,水資源短缺、水污染嚴(yán)重、水生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等問(wèn)題日益突出,成為制約經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。主要表現(xiàn)為:全國(guó)人均水資源量接近1700m~3,即將步入水緊張國(guó)家;京津冀等地區(qū)人均水資源量不足250m~3,水資源極度短缺,地下水超采嚴(yán)重;全國(guó)地表水質(zhì)量總體好轉(zhuǎn),東部人口密集區(qū)地下水質(zhì)量有惡化趨勢(shì);部分地區(qū)和城市水源供給結(jié)構(gòu)單一,抵御突發(fā)性缺水事件的能力不足。地下水是國(guó)際公認(rèn)的可靠供水水源,歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以地下水作為主要飲用水源。地下水在中國(guó)工農(nóng)業(yè)供水和生活用水方面也發(fā)揮著重要作用。然而,地下水的重要作用并沒(méi)有被廣泛認(rèn)同,甚至往往被忽視。本文闡明了地下水在保障水安全中的重要作用。保障水安全,核心在于推進(jìn)治水思路戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)變,關(guān)鍵在于加強(qiáng)水文地質(zhì)及相關(guān)學(xué)科科技創(chuàng)新。主要戰(zhàn)略措施包括:從注重城市和工業(yè)節(jié)水向注重全面系統(tǒng)節(jié)水轉(zhuǎn)變,以農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水彌補(bǔ)城鎮(zhèn)供水快速增長(zhǎng);從注重開(kāi)發(fā)利用向注重涵養(yǎng)保護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)變,以水資源涵養(yǎng)保護(hù)促進(jìn)水資源可持續(xù)利用;從注重地表水供水向注重地下水地表水優(yōu)化配置轉(zhuǎn)變,以地下水戰(zhàn)略?xún)?chǔ)備應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)性水危機(jī);從注重工程調(diào)水向注重虛擬水貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)變,以虛擬水貿(mào)易調(diào)節(jié)長(zhǎng)期水供求關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The situation of water resources in China is still very severe, water shortage, serious water pollution, deterioration of water ecological environment and other problems have become increasingly prominent, which has become the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of economy and society.The main results are as follows: the per capita water resources of the whole country are close to 1700 mm3, which is about to enter a water-tight country; the per capita water resources in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other areas are less than 250 mm3; the water resources are extremely short, and the groundwater is overexploited seriously; and the quality of surface water in the whole country has improved overall.The groundwater quality in the eastern densely populated areas tends to deteriorate, and the water supply structure in some areas and cities is single, and the ability to resist sudden water shortage events is insufficient.Groundwater is internationally recognized as a reliable source of water supply, developed countries such as Europe and America take groundwater as the main drinking water source.Groundwater also plays an important role in China's industrial and agricultural water supply and domestic water use.However, the important role of groundwater is not widely recognized, or often ignored.This paper expounds the important role of groundwater in ensuring water safety.To ensure water safety, the key lies in promoting the strategic transformation of water control thinking, and strengthening the scientific and technological innovation in hydrogeology and related disciplines.The main strategic measures include: changing from focusing on urban and industrial water saving to focusing on comprehensive and systematic water saving, and making up for the rapid growth of urban water supply by agricultural water saving; and from focusing on development and utilization to focusing on conservation and protection.The sustainable utilization of water resources should be promoted by the conservation and protection of water resources, the change from the attention to surface water supply to the optimal allocation of groundwater surface water, and the strategic reserve of groundwater to deal with the sudden water crisis;From paying attention to engineering water transfer to paying attention to virtual water trade, the long-term water supply and demand relationship is regulated by virtual water trade.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局;中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院水文地質(zhì)環(huán)境地質(zhì)研究所;
【基金】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局我國(guó)地下水資源綜合調(diào)查與成果集成(12120115065701)和中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局全國(guó)水文地質(zhì)類(lèi)圖件編制(1212011220941)聯(lián)合資助成果
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P641.8;TV213.4

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