本文選題：水泵水輪機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：非同步導(dǎo)葉　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展及工業(yè)用電需求的不斷增大,抽水蓄能機(jī)組作為目前可以商用的大型儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備,具有水電設(shè)備啟停快速和調(diào)節(jié)靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn),能有效地應(yīng)付負(fù)荷的變化,起到優(yōu)化電源結(jié)構(gòu),確保電網(wǎng)安全,提高總體經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等作用。目前抽水蓄能電站的高速建設(shè)與發(fā)展已勢(shì)在必行,國(guó)內(nèi)大型抽水蓄能電站的建設(shè)亦已相繼開(kāi)工。 然而作為抽水蓄能電站核心設(shè)備的水泵水輪機(jī),其運(yùn)行工況復(fù)雜多變,作為水泵水輪機(jī)瞬態(tài)過(guò)渡過(guò)程中最重要的環(huán)節(jié),其水輪機(jī)啟動(dòng)工況下的“S”特性嚴(yán)重影響了水泵水輪機(jī)運(yùn)行的安全性及穩(wěn)定性,致使機(jī)組在水輪機(jī)工況低水頭啟動(dòng)并網(wǎng)時(shí)發(fā)生困難等。目前改善水泵水輪機(jī)“S”特性最為成熟可靠的方法就是采用導(dǎo)葉非同步(預(yù))開(kāi)啟方式。但導(dǎo)葉不同步動(dòng)作在水泵水輪機(jī)開(kāi)啟方式中的應(yīng)用卻為水泵水輪機(jī)的研究帶來(lái)了新的水力學(xué)問(wèn)題。因此,通過(guò)開(kāi)展非同步導(dǎo)葉裝置的投入對(duì)水泵水輪機(jī)“S”特性的改善及其對(duì)機(jī)組內(nèi)流特性影響的研究,對(duì)深入了解水泵水輪機(jī)“S”特性內(nèi)流誘導(dǎo)機(jī)理、提高水泵水輪機(jī)機(jī)組運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性具有重要意義。 據(jù)此,本文以國(guó)內(nèi)某抽水蓄能電站水泵水輪機(jī)機(jī)組的模型機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,建立三維數(shù)學(xué)模型,進(jìn)行模型機(jī)組水輪機(jī)工況下的數(shù)值模擬,分析探討投入非同步導(dǎo)葉裝置后,非同步導(dǎo)葉不同導(dǎo)葉對(duì)數(shù)、不同導(dǎo)葉布置位置以及導(dǎo)葉不同開(kāi)啟角度情況下的機(jī)組內(nèi)部流動(dòng)特性和外特性,并得出以下結(jié)論： (1)通過(guò)對(duì)比分析未裝設(shè)非同步導(dǎo)葉水輪機(jī)啟動(dòng)工況下機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)輪域內(nèi)部流動(dòng)特征可知,機(jī)組在小流量工況運(yùn)行時(shí),水流方向與轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片進(jìn)口存在很大的沖角,在活動(dòng)導(dǎo)葉與轉(zhuǎn)輪進(jìn)口之間以及轉(zhuǎn)輪進(jìn)口處形成了大量的漩渦,幾乎阻塞流道,這即是機(jī)組“S”特性產(chǎn)生的重要原因之一。 (2)非同步導(dǎo)葉裝置的投入可以改善水泵水輪機(jī)組的“S”特性。各非同步導(dǎo)葉布置方案下機(jī)組外特性分析結(jié)果表明：同一開(kāi)啟位置、同一預(yù)開(kāi)導(dǎo)葉數(shù)目時(shí),預(yù)開(kāi)角度越大特性曲線改善越明顯；非同步導(dǎo)葉數(shù)目為兩對(duì)以上(包括兩對(duì))時(shí),分散布置優(yōu)于集中布置,而對(duì)于一對(duì)預(yù)開(kāi)導(dǎo)葉工況則是7#-17#位布置優(yōu)于2#-12#位布置,即非同步導(dǎo)葉的布置應(yīng)盡量避開(kāi)鼻端位置；并非預(yù)開(kāi)導(dǎo)葉數(shù)目越多機(jī)組“S”特性改善效果越好,相反當(dāng)預(yù)開(kāi)導(dǎo)葉數(shù)目增加到三對(duì)時(shí)其改善效果反而下降,預(yù)開(kāi)兩對(duì)非同步導(dǎo)葉改善效果最好。 (3)各非同步導(dǎo)葉布置方案下機(jī)組內(nèi)特性分析結(jié)果表明：非同步導(dǎo)葉的投入強(qiáng)制增大了過(guò)流量,減小了進(jìn)口沖角,減弱了轉(zhuǎn)輪進(jìn)口以及轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片之間的漩渦,改善了水泵水輪機(jī)“S”特性。但非同步導(dǎo)葉的投入同時(shí)也擾亂了蝸殼內(nèi)部的流動(dòng)狀態(tài),破壞了原轉(zhuǎn)輪內(nèi)部的漩渦對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu),影響了轉(zhuǎn)輪的受力分布,使得轉(zhuǎn)輪所受的水流沖擊力不等,進(jìn)而影響機(jī)組的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性 (4)綜合對(duì)比各工況下的數(shù)值分析結(jié)果,得到該機(jī)組最優(yōu)非同步導(dǎo)葉布置方式為預(yù)開(kāi)兩對(duì)非同步導(dǎo)葉、預(yù)開(kāi)導(dǎo)葉對(duì)稱布置(對(duì)應(yīng)包角值分別為333.18。、243.180、153.18°、63.18。)且預(yù)開(kāi)角度為30°。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for the rapid development of industrial economy and the construction of pumped storage units, large storage as the commercial equipment, with hydropower equipment start and stop fast and flexible adjustment and other advantages, can effectively cope with the change of load, to optimize the power structure, ensure the safety of power grid, improve the overall economic benefits at present. The construction and development of high speed pumping station has been imperative storage, large domestic power plant construction has been started pumping energy storage.
However, as a pumped storage pump turbine core equipment of power plants, the complex operating conditions, as the most important transient pump turbine transition process, the water turbine startup mode of "S" characteristics have a serious impact on the pump turbine operation safety and stability, resulting in difficulties in the turbine unit low head start when the network condition. The improvement of S character of pump turbine is the most mature and reliable method is to use the contraprop synchronous (pre) open the way. But the guide vane is not synchronized movements in the open application mode of the pump turbine is of pump turbine has brought new problems. Therefore, hydraulics the research, carried out by nonsynchronous guide vane device input to the S character of pump turbine and its influence on the improvement of flow characteristics within the unit, to understand the S character of pump turbine internal flow induced The guiding mechanism is of great significance to improve the operating stability of the pump turbine unit.
Accordingly, this paper uses a domestic pumped storage power plant model machine pump turbine as the research object, establish three-dimensional mathematical model, numerical simulation of the turbine model under the condition of unit, analysis of the input of nonsynchronous guide vane device, nonsynchronous guide vane of different guide vanes number, location and different guide vane guide vane the flow characteristics of internal and external characteristics of unit under different opening angle, and draw the following conclusions:
(1) through the contrast analysis did not install the nonsynchronous guide vane of turbine start-up flow features internal runner domain conditions set at low flow rates, the flow direction and the blades are very import angle between the guide vane and runner, and imported wheel inlet in the activities of the formation of a large number of vortex this is, almost blocking flow, is one of the important causes of unit "S" characteristics.
(2) non synchronous input device can improve the vane pump turbine units of the "S" characteristics. The nonsynchronous guide vane arrangement under the unit characteristic analysis results showed that the same open position, with a number of pre opening guide vanes, preopen larger angle curve improvement is more obvious; nonsynchronous guide vane the number of more than two (including two pairs), distributed better than the centralized arrangement, and is better than 2#-12# 7#-17# layout layout for a pre condition that enlighten leaves, nonsynchronous guide vane arrangement should try to avoid the nose position; the number of leaves is not pre channel unit "S" characteristics of better effect on the contrary, when the number of pre leaves increased to three when the channel effect decreased to two preopen nonsynchronous guide vane effect is best.
(3) the nonsynchronous guide vane arrangement under unit characteristic analysis results show that the nonsynchronous guide vane increases the input of forced flow, reduce the inlet incidence angle, weakened between imports and runner blade vortex, improves the S character of pump turbine. But the same step guide vane input but also disrupt the flow state inside the volute, destroys the symmetry structure of the original vortex runner, affect the stress distribution of the wheel, so that the water flow impact by the runner range, thereby affecting the operation stability of the
(4) comprehensive comparison of numerical analysis results under different working conditions shows that the optimal asynchronous guide vane arrangement of the unit is to open two pairs of asynchronous guide vane, and the prearranged guide vane is symmetrically arranged (the corresponding angle values are 333.18., 243.180153.18 degrees, 63.18.), and the preopening angle is 30 degrees.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TK730

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