本文選題：面板堆石壩　切入點(diǎn)：滲流分析　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：混凝土面板堆石壩通常不做壩體滲透穩(wěn)定計(jì)算,由于本工程壩高屬于一級(jí)面板堆石壩,壩體覆蓋層厚度較大,壩址的地理氣候惡劣,這些都將會(huì)使混凝土面板處于不利狀態(tài),為了給設(shè)計(jì)和施工提供可靠的依據(jù),確保大壩壩體合理布置和工程安全,有必要進(jìn)行模擬滲流分析計(jì)算,分析壩體的滲流特點(diǎn)。本文將以壩體為主要研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行滲流計(jì)算,主要分析壩體等勢(shì)面、壓力水頭、孔隙水壓力、浸潤(rùn)線和浸潤(rùn)面等滲流要素分布情況。驗(yàn)證壩體各料區(qū)及壩基覆蓋層的滲透穩(wěn)定性,論證面板堆石壩的可靠性和安全性,為同類壩的設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。本文從滲流的基本理論出發(fā),分析了三維滲流計(jì)算時(shí)的隨機(jī)變分原理和隨機(jī)有限元列式,闡述了有限元法求解滲流問題的原理及步驟,通過有限單元法分析滲流的基本原理和一般計(jì)算步驟,根據(jù)滲流場(chǎng)特性,利用Midas/GTS,對(duì)面板堆石壩的滲流問題進(jìn)行二維、三維求解,利用其特有的滲流求解單元來確定壩體內(nèi)滲流水頭位置及壩體內(nèi)各點(diǎn)的水壓力,其結(jié)果直觀、精確并以彩色云圖或列表形式給出。在穩(wěn)定即正常蓄水狀態(tài)下,上游壩面混凝土面板的擋水能力較好,正常狀態(tài)的求解是非穩(wěn)定滲流計(jì)算的初始條件。通過對(duì)面板壩非穩(wěn)定滲流的定性分析,當(dāng)上游水位以每天一米的速度下降時(shí),研究了大壩水位下落五天時(shí)的水頭和水壓力,同時(shí)給出水位下落穩(wěn)定后兩天內(nèi)的水頭和水壓力,可以看出,在壩體內(nèi)總水位變化的位置僅發(fā)生在上游壩體區(qū)域,降水五天內(nèi)隨著上游水位的下降,壩體水頭也相應(yīng)下降,五天以后水位下降趨于穩(wěn)定,水頭基本保持不變。當(dāng)上游水位越低時(shí),壩體內(nèi)孔隙水壓力為零的溢流面也隨著水位的降低而降低,并且隨著時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)上游壩體內(nèi)的滲流更加穩(wěn)定,滲流影響區(qū)域變大,孔隙水壓力區(qū)域也伴隨滲流區(qū)域的擴(kuò)大而變大。當(dāng)上游降水穩(wěn)定時(shí),壩體內(nèi)水位滲流變化不明顯,因而孔隙水壓力變化也不明顯。實(shí)例求解結(jié)果表明利用Midas/GTS對(duì)面板堆石壩的滲流分析具有可行性,這為我們以后在面板堆石壩的壩體滲流分析和研究提供了新的研究思路和方法,具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The concrete face rockfill dam usually does not calculate the seepage stability of the dam body. Because the dam height of this project belongs to the first class face rockfill dam, the thickness of the dam body overburden is large, and the geographical climate of the dam site is bad, all of these will make the concrete face slab in a disadvantageous state. In order to provide reliable basis for design and construction and to ensure the reasonable arrangement and safety of dam body, it is necessary to analyze and calculate simulated seepage flow and analyze the seepage characteristics of dam body. The distribution of seepage elements such as the isopotential surface, the pressure head, the pore water pressure, the infiltration line and the infiltration surface of the dam body are analyzed. The seepage stability of each material area of the dam body and the overburden layer of the dam foundation is verified, and the reliability and safety of the face rockfill dam are demonstrated. In this paper, based on the basic theory of seepage flow, the random variational principle and stochastic finite element formula in three-dimensional seepage calculation are analyzed, and the principle and steps of solving seepage problem by finite element method are described. The basic principle and general calculation steps of seepage flow are analyzed by finite element method. According to the characteristics of seepage field, the seepage problem of face rockfill dam is solved by Midas / GTS in two and three dimensions. The location of seepage head and the water pressure of each point in the dam body are determined by its unique seepage solution unit. The results are intuitionistic, accurate and given in the form of color cloud map or list. The upstream concrete face slab has a good water retaining capacity, and the solution of the normal state is the initial condition of the unsteady seepage calculation. Through qualitative analysis of the unsteady seepage flow of the face slab dam, when the upstream water level drops at a speed of one meter per day, In this paper, the water head and water pressure are studied when the water level falls for five days, and the water head and water pressure within two days after the water level falls stably are given. It can be seen that the position of the total water level change in the dam body is only in the upstream dam body area. With the decrease of upstream water level within five days, the water head of dam body will decrease accordingly. After five days, the water level will decrease steadily, and the head will remain basically unchanged. When the upstream water level is lower, The overflow surface with zero pore water pressure in the dam body also decreases with the decrease of water level, and the seepage flow in the upstream dam body becomes more stable with the increase of time, and the seepage influence area becomes larger. The pore water pressure region also becomes larger with the expansion of the seepage area. When the upstream precipitation is stable, the water level seepage change is not obvious in the dam body. As a result, the change of pore water pressure is not obvious. The result of example solution shows that it is feasible to use Midas/GTS to analyze seepage flow of face rockfill dam, which provides a new research idea and method for the analysis and study of seepage in dam body of face rockfill dam in the future. It has certain reference value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV223.4

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