本文選題：莫高窟　切入點(diǎn)：大泉河　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：莫高窟前大泉河是一條發(fā)源于祁連山南部山區(qū)的極小的內(nèi)陸河,其整個(gè)流域地理位置及地形地貌比較特殊,流域降雨年內(nèi)變化極不均勻,且降雨由南向北呈明顯遞減趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)流域地形地貌,本文將流域分為三段：流域南段的源區(qū)屬于野馬山,其降雨量大、蒸發(fā)量較小、植被條件極差、山高坡陡；流域中間段為茫茫一百四戈壁,降雨量減少、植被條件一般,地勢(shì)也比較平緩；流域北段下游區(qū)則是三危山,降雨更少、蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈、植被條件也較差,山勢(shì)也比較險(xiǎn)峻,降雨入滲小,暴雨會(huì)引起突發(fā)洪水。大泉河為莫高窟提供水源的同時(shí)頻發(fā)的洪水對(duì)莫高窟文物的保護(hù)帶來(lái)巨大威脅。 本文針對(duì)大泉河流域比較特殊的流域特征、降雨條件及與莫高窟重要的關(guān)系,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查、資料收集進(jìn)行大泉河洪水設(shè)計(jì)推求。由于大泉河流域歷史資料稀缺,洪水研究較少,且實(shí)測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)也較少,因此本論文洪水設(shè)計(jì)的推求是一種探討性的計(jì)算。通過(guò)分析研究區(qū)域鄰近氣象站敦煌、肅北氣象站降雨資料得到兩站不同頻率年日最大降雨量,進(jìn)而應(yīng)用到研究區(qū)域。然后運(yùn)用三種不同的方法(甘肅省暴雨水文圖集瞬時(shí)單位線法、水科院小流域暴雨洪峰流量計(jì)算推理公式和甘肅省小流域暴雨洪峰流量計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式)推求不同頻率下洪峰流量。得到野馬山段不同頻率洪峰流量,大泉河在莫高窟斷面的總洪峰為三段流域洪峰加權(quán)疊加：Qm=aQ上+bQ中+cQ下,加權(quán)系數(shù)視各段流域的造峰歷時(shí)而定。
[Abstract]:The QianDaquan River in Mogao Grottoes is a very small inland river originating in the southern mountains of Qilian Mountains. The geographical location and topographical features of the whole basin are quite special, and the rainfall variation in the basin is extremely uneven. According to the topography and geomorphology of the watershed, the watershed is divided into three sections: the source area of the southern section of the basin belongs to the Mustang Mountain, with large rainfall, small evaporation, poor vegetation conditions, high and steep mountain slopes; The middle section of the basin is a vast 140 Gobi, with reduced rainfall, general vegetation conditions and relatively gentle topography; the lower reaches of the northern section of the basin are Sanwei Mountains, with less rainfall, strong evaporation, poor vegetation conditions, and steep mountains. Rainfall infiltration is small, rainstorm will cause sudden flood. Daquan River provides water source for Mogao Grottoes and frequent flood brings great threat to the protection of Mogao Grottoes. According to the special characteristics of Daquan River Basin, rainfall conditions and the important relationship with Mogao Grottoes, the flood design of Daquan River is studied through field investigation and data collection. Due to the scarcity of historical data in Daquan River Basin, The flood research and the measured design parameters are few, so the flood design in this paper is a kind of exploratory calculation. The rainfall data of Subei Meteorological Station obtained the maximum daily rainfall at two stations with different frequency and applied to the study area. Then three different methods were used (instantaneous unit line method of Gansu rainstorm hydrographic atlas). The calculation formula of torrential rain discharge by Hong Feng in small watershed of Shuikeyuan and experiential formula of calculation of torrential rain in small watershed of Gansu Province) were used to calculate the discharge of Hong Feng at different frequencies, and then the discharge of Hong Feng with different frequencies in the Mustang Mountain was obtained. The total Hong Feng of the Daquan River in the Mogao Grottoes section is a weighted superposition between the middle Q and the middle Q of the middle Q of the upper Q of the middle Q of the middle Q of the middle Q on the upper part of the middle Q of the middle Q of the middle Q of the upper Q of the three member watershed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV122

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