本文選題：消能工　切入點：沖擊墩　出處：《大連理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：泄水建筑物消能工的選擇是水能資源開發(fā)中重要的環(huán)節(jié),泄洪消能過程中的安全問題是水利樞紐工程建設(shè)成功與否的重要因素之一。底流消能是一種常用的泄洪消能方式,它是利用水躍的形式來消除水體多余動能,通過修建消能塘使水躍發(fā)生其中。但是當上游來流流速較大時,往往僅通過單一消能塘并不能達到理想的消能效果,未充分消能的水流仍然會對下游河床造成沖刷破壞。工程中為增加消能效果,同時減少修建消能塘時的開挖量,通常采用輔助消能設(shè)施與消能塘聯(lián)合運用的復合消能型式。本文結(jié)合某水利樞紐工程采用水工模型試驗與理論計算相結(jié)合的方法研究了沖擊墩、臺階與消能塘聯(lián)合消能時水流的水力特性,研究結(jié)果表明,這種增加輔助消能設(shè)施的復合消能型式不僅可以平穩(wěn)塘內(nèi)水流,減輕對下游河床的沖刷,提高消能效率,還可以減小消能塘的開挖量,減少工程投資。該復合消能型式的研究結(jié)果可以為類似工程提供借鑒,同時為新型復合消能型式的進一步研究和推廣應用有參考價值。 本文研究內(nèi)容主要有以下幾點： 1.概述了泄洪消能的基本理論及其研究意義,并總結(jié)了進年來的研究進展�？偨Y(jié)了泄洪消能的集中常見消能方式如底流消能、挑流消能、面流消能等的基本流態(tài)及其各自特點和應用條件。 2.總結(jié)了消能塘、沖擊墩、臺階消能的基本水力特性,分析了順坡上的臺階消能及逆坡上的臺階消能的特點。 3.結(jié)合實際工程,研究了沖擊墩與消能塘聯(lián)合消能的水力特性,總結(jié)了二者聯(lián)合消能時自輸水洞至消能塘沿程壓強分布、水面線及流速的分布規(guī)律,并通過計算給出了沖擊墩與消能塘聯(lián)合消能的消能率。 4.通過水工模型試驗研究了沖擊墩、臺階與消能塘聯(lián)合消能的水力特性,即沿程壓強分布、水面線及流速分布規(guī)律,計算了該消能型式的消能率,并與不加臺階的消能型式進行了對比,結(jié)果表明增加臺階不僅可以減小開挖量,還可以提高消能率,增加消能效果。
[Abstract]:The selection of energy dissipators in water discharge structures is an important link in the development of hydropower resources. The safety problem in the process of flood discharge and energy dissipation is one of the important factors for the success of the construction of water conservancy projects. The energy dissipation at the bottom flow is a commonly used method of flood discharge and energy dissipation. It uses the form of water jump to eliminate the excess kinetic energy of water body, which is caused by the construction of energy dissipation pond. But when the upstream flow velocity is high, the energy dissipation effect can not be achieved by only a single energy dissipation pond. In order to increase the energy dissipation effect and reduce the excavation of the energy dissipation pond, the water flow with insufficient energy dissipation will still cause scour damage to the downstream riverbed. The composite energy dissipation type of auxiliary energy dissipation facilities and energy dissipation ponds is usually adopted. In this paper, the impact pier is studied in combination with hydraulic model test and theoretical calculation of a water conservancy project. Hydraulic characteristics of water flow under combined energy dissipation of step and energy dissipation pond. The results show that this kind of composite energy dissipation mode with additional auxiliary energy dissipation facilities can not only stabilize the flow of water in the pond, reduce the scour to the downstream riverbed, but also improve the efficiency of energy dissipation. It can also reduce the excavation amount of energy dissipation pond and reduce the project investment. The research results of the composite energy dissipation type can be used for reference for similar projects and for the further study and popularization of the new type of complex energy dissipation type. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. 1. The basic theory of flood discharge energy dissipation and its research significance are summarized, and the research progress in recent years is summarized. The basic flow patterns of surface flow energy dissipation and their respective characteristics and application conditions. 2. The basic hydraulic characteristics of energy dissipation pond, impact pier and step energy dissipation are summarized, and the characteristics of step energy dissipation along the slope and the step energy dissipation on the inverse slope are analyzed. 3. The hydraulic characteristics of the combined energy dissipation of the impingement pier and the energy dissipation pond are studied, and the distribution of the pressure, the water surface line and the velocity of the energy dissipation pond from the water conveyance tunnel to the energy dissipation pond are summarized. The energy dissipation rate of impact pier and energy dissipation pond is given by calculation. 4. The hydraulic characteristics of the combined energy dissipation of impact pier, step and energy dissipation pond are studied by hydraulic model test, that is, the distribution of pressure along the path, the distribution of water surface line and the velocity of velocity, and the energy dissipation rate of the energy dissipation type is calculated. The results show that increasing the step can not only reduce the excavation amount, but also increase the energy dissipation rate and energy dissipation effect.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV653;TV131.61

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