本文選題：子牙河流域　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)環(huán)境評價(jià)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,流域生態(tài)環(huán)境問題和系統(tǒng)本身的生態(tài)需水已受到越來越多的關(guān)注。流域的水資源評價(jià)也將生態(tài)環(huán)境因素和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)因素加入其中。本文以子牙河流域?yàn)檠芯繉ο?對流域的生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行評價(jià),并用適當(dāng)模型計(jì)算流域生態(tài)需水量。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)以子牙河流域的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料為基礎(chǔ),從水資源子系統(tǒng)、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)、生態(tài)環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)三個方面綜合構(gòu)建流域生態(tài)水資源復(fù)合系統(tǒng)評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,定量評價(jià)流域的水資源及生態(tài)環(huán)境。結(jié)果表明:21世紀(jì)00年代較20世紀(jì)70年代,水資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境指標(biāo)減小,而社會經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)增大,總指標(biāo)減小。子牙河流域水資源西北部較好,東部較差。生態(tài)環(huán)境西部較好,南部較差。(2)運(yùn)用FAO-56推薦的Penman-Monteith公式,結(jié)合作物系數(shù)法,模擬計(jì)算子牙河流域逐日植被蒸散發(fā)量。為考慮空間差異性,將流域的植被分為栽培植被、草叢、草甸、草原、灌叢、闊葉林和針葉林,共7類。按植被類別分別統(tǒng)計(jì)月模擬蒸發(fā)量和年模擬蒸發(fā)量,并與實(shí)測蒸發(fā)量進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果表明:2011、2012年7類植被的月模擬值整體模擬效果較好,R2都達(dá)到0.8以上。年模擬值總體上模擬效果較好,大部分相對誤差在20%以下,五年平均相對誤差均在15%以下。說明用彭曼蒙特斯公式結(jié)合作物系數(shù)法模擬區(qū)域的蒸散發(fā)量是合理可行的。(3)根據(jù)子牙河流域的已有氣象數(shù)據(jù)和流域水面蒸發(fā)的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),選擇適當(dāng)風(fēng)速函數(shù)形式,并用相對濕度對模型進(jìn)行修正,確定流域的道爾頓模型,模擬流域的水面蒸發(fā)量。結(jié)果表明:道爾頓模型能較好反映子牙河流域水面蒸發(fā)情況,與實(shí)際值擬合情況較好,平均相對誤差?和相對誤差在±20%以內(nèi)的合格率η也符合要求。將該模型應(yīng)用于灤河流域2007-2012年的蒸發(fā),對模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果顯示,該模型在灤河流域的模擬結(jié)果較好。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, More and more attention has been paid to the ecological environmental problems and the ecological water demand of the system itself. The evaluation of water resources in the basin also includes ecological environmental factors and social and economic factors. This paper takes Ziya River Basin as the research object. The ecological environment of the basin is evaluated, and the ecological water demand of the basin is calculated with the appropriate model. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) based on the statistical data of Ziya River Basin, from the water resources subsystem, the socio-economic subsystem, The evaluation index system of watershed ecological water resources composite system is constructed in three aspects of ecological environment subsystem, and the water resources and ecological environment of river basin are evaluated quantitatively. The results show that in the 2000s of the 21st century compared with 1970s, The indexes of water resources and ecological environment decreased, but the social and economic indexes increased, and the total indexes decreased. The water resources of Ziya River basin were better in the northwest, worse in the east, and better in the western part of the ecological environment and worse in the south.) the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO-56 was used. Combined with crop coefficient method, the daily evapotranspiration of vegetation in Ziya River Basin was simulated and calculated. In order to consider the spatial difference, vegetation was divided into cultivated vegetation, grass bush, meadow, grassland, shrub, broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest. Seven categories. Monthly simulated evaporation and annual simulated evaporation were calculated according to vegetation type. Compared with the measured evaporation, the results show that the overall simulation effect of the monthly simulated values of 7 types of vegetation in 2012 is better than 0. 8. The annual simulation results are generally good, and the relative error of most of the simulated values is less than 20%. The average relative error of five years is below 15%. It is reasonable and feasible to simulate the evapotranspiration of the area by using the Penman Montes formula and crop coefficient method.) based on the available meteorological data of Ziya River Basin and the measured data of water surface evaporation in Ziya River Basin, Selecting proper wind speed function form, modifying the model with relative humidity, determining the Dalton model and simulating the evaporation of water surface, the results show that the Dalton model can better reflect the evaporation of water surface in Ziya River Basin. The average relative error is better than the actual value. The model is applied to the evaporation in Luanhe River Basin from 2007 to 2012, and the model is verified. The results show that the model is good in Luanhe River Basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X826;TV213.4

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