發(fā)布時間：2018-03-20 05:22

  本文選題：水利工程　切入點：鄱陽湖　出處：《南昌大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：鄱陽湖是我國最大的淡水湖,它位于長江中下游南岸,是長江上重要的調(diào)蓄湖泊。由于其位置和環(huán)境的特殊性,每年有幾十萬只西伯利亞候鳥在此越冬,使其成為具有世界影響的濕地和候鳥保護區(qū)。近年以來,隨著長江干支流的水資源綜合開發(fā)利用,控制性水庫的建設(shè)、尤其長江三峽工程建成蓄水運行以來,鄱陽湖水文節(jié)律發(fā)生較大變化。水文觀測數(shù)據(jù)表明(湖區(qū)星子水文站),一是枯水時間提前,水位低于10米的時間比平均提前約33天,低于8米時間平均提前40天。二是枯水期延續(xù)時間長,水位低于10米的持續(xù)時間延長61天,低于8米天數(shù)平均延長51天。三是枯水期水位下降,枯水期水位比平均降低了2米左右,湖體面積呈現(xiàn)大幅縮減。四是水質(zhì)惡化,枯水期總體水質(zhì)由上世紀的Ⅰ-Ⅲ類下降為現(xiàn)在的Ⅲ-Ⅳ類,部分區(qū)域出現(xiàn)Ⅴ類水質(zhì)。長江干流上水庫群汛后蓄水造成的鄱陽湖秋冬季低枯水位,嚴重影響湖區(qū)生態(tài)平衡并制約當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展。為恢復(fù)和科學調(diào)整江湖關(guān)系、提高湖區(qū)水資源和水環(huán)境承載能力,在國務(wù)院批復(fù)的《長江流域綜合規(guī)劃(2012-2030年)》)中明確提出建設(shè)鄱陽湖水利樞紐工程。2015年,鄱陽湖水利樞紐工程被國務(wù)院列入全國172重大水利工程,由發(fā)改委、水利部加快論證,由江西省加快推進實施。鄱陽湖水利樞紐工程設(shè)計復(fù)雜的江湖關(guān)系和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護等問題,國內(nèi)外關(guān)注程度高、前期工作大。經(jīng)水利部會同有關(guān)部門和江西省開展大量的專題研究工作后。初步明確以生態(tài)方式建設(shè)管理,建設(shè)上采用開放式全閘,管理調(diào)度上以“調(diào)枯不控洪”為原則,將3月底至8月底列為其江湖連通期,汛末至次年汛前為樞紐調(diào)控期,實現(xiàn)江湖兩利、動態(tài)調(diào)控。從生態(tài)角度分析,鄱陽湖水利樞紐建成后對湖區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成較大改變,將對生物生存繁衍及其多樣性影響較大,尤其是枯水期水位上漲后影響濕地植物、水生物、候鳥越冬。同時,水利樞紐建設(shè)或?qū)⒂绊懖糠拄~類的正常遷徙繁殖。但從社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展來看,樞紐建設(shè)將解決湖區(qū)人民群眾在枯水期的取水、用水問題,保障用水安全;同時對湖區(qū)血吸蟲疫情的控制將有較好的效果。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is an important regulating lake on the Yangtze River. Because of its special location and environment, hundreds of thousands of Siberian migratory birds winter here every year. In recent years, with the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources along the Yangtze River trunk and tributaries, the construction of controlled reservoirs, especially since the completion and operation of the three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River, The hydrological rhythm of Poyang Lake has changed greatly. The hydrological observation data show that the water level below 10 meters is about 33 days ahead of the average. The average advance of the time below 8 meters is 40 days. Second, the duration of the dry season is long, the duration of the water level below 10 meters is prolonged by 61 days, and the days below 8 meters are prolonged by an average of 51 days. Third, the water level drops during the dry season. In the dry season, the water level decreased by about 2 meters on average, and the lake area decreased significantly. Fourth, the water quality deteriorated, and the total water quality decreased from 鈪，

本文編號：1637707