本文選題：秦淮區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：雨洪管理　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人類文明依水而生,在與自然漫長(zhǎng)的相處中人類學(xué)會(huì)如何避除雨洪災(zāi)害,如何利用雨洪資源。而當(dāng)歷史進(jìn)程來到近現(xiàn)代之后,人類改造自然的力量由于工業(yè)革命帶來的影響有了飛速的提升,城市里人口猛增,建筑高度和密度不斷增加,城市加快擴(kuò)張,對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了惡劣的影響,這種影響是多方面而長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的。近二百年來,世界各國的大型城市均相繼爆發(fā)過雨洪問題,具體表現(xiàn)在市政管網(wǎng)設(shè)施不足以在汛期排除城市內(nèi)澇,城市在暴雨天氣下喪失雨洪管理能力,水資源在質(zhì)與量上呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)危機(jī)。為緩解這樣的困境,美國、英國等多個(gè)國家嘗試在市政管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)之外實(shí)行新的雨洪管理實(shí)踐,這些國家的雨洪管理的目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向各有不同,所執(zhí)行的實(shí)踐方式也各有差異,但都遵從了雨洪的自然循環(huán)規(guī)律。在我國古代城市中早有對(duì)雨洪管理的智慧結(jié)晶,在進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代后,城市中出現(xiàn)了與發(fā)達(dá)國家同樣的雨洪問題,近年來,"海綿城市"理念在我國興起,即城市能夠像海綿一樣,能夠在汛期滯蓄雨水,也能夠在旱季保住水分,提升城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能和減少城市洪澇災(zāi)害的發(fā)生。秦淮區(qū)作為南京市的主城區(qū)之一,也是金陵文化的發(fā)祥地,其歷史悠久,區(qū)域內(nèi)河道數(shù)量較多,為秦淮河水系。主河道東南護(hù)城河—秦淮河——運(yùn)糧河將城區(qū)分為3個(gè)區(qū)域,西北區(qū)域?yàn)橹行囊呀ǔ蓞^(qū),分布有新街口商業(yè)圈、老城南歷史風(fēng)貌區(qū)等,建筑密度較高,綠地相對(duì)較為零散;東北區(qū)域建成度相對(duì)較低,東部為高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)園和待開發(fā)地塊,市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施尚不完善,加上地勢(shì)低洼,是汛期雨洪災(zāi)害高危區(qū);南部區(qū)域原為空軍大校機(jī)場(chǎng),周邊分布有不少棚戶區(qū),現(xiàn)根據(jù)城市規(guī)劃,大校機(jī)場(chǎng)已予搬遷,棚戶區(qū)也正在征收中,這一區(qū)域?qū)⒈淮蛟斐蔀?智慧新城"。南京市境內(nèi)水系基本上都是過境水,所以包括秦淮區(qū)在內(nèi),在雨洪管理方面都要面對(duì)城市內(nèi)澇和上游行洪的雙重壓力。秦淮區(qū)于2010年開展了雨污分流和排水達(dá)標(biāo)區(qū)創(chuàng)建工程,對(duì)排水管網(wǎng)實(shí)施了提標(biāo)改造,從改造成效來看,對(duì)解決城市積淹水現(xiàn)象是普遍有效的,目前主要的問題在于應(yīng)對(duì)暴雨天氣時(shí)的彈性能力不夠以及水體污染嚴(yán)重;在組織體系方面,已成立水務(wù)部門獨(dú)立綜合實(shí)施水環(huán)境的整治工作,但在實(shí)際工作中,仍需要信息、管理的進(jìn)一步整合。雨洪管理模式根據(jù)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的不同可以分為徑流控制目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向、雨洪資源利用目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向和回歸自然生態(tài)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向。以這三種導(dǎo)向?yàn)榛A(chǔ),對(duì)秦淮區(qū)的雨洪管理模式提出有針對(duì)性的策略,同時(shí)指出,這三種導(dǎo)向的雨洪管理模式并不是孤立存在,而是相互依存、相互聯(lián)系,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,應(yīng)遵循自然規(guī)律,實(shí)事求是、循序漸進(jìn)地推進(jìn)雨洪管理模式的全方位構(gòu)建。然后,從城市的水系綠地、交通系統(tǒng)、建筑組團(tuán)三個(gè)角度,以典型案例為代表,闡述秦淮區(qū)雨洪管理模式構(gòu)建方法,提出優(yōu)化措施。最后,結(jié)合雨洪的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)屬性和政府角色,從規(guī)劃層級(jí)、建設(shè)層級(jí)、管理層級(jí)和高科技應(yīng)用提出保障措施。
[Abstract]:The human civilization in the water, along with the natural process of human learn how to avoid the rain and flood disasters, how to use rainwater resources. And when the historical process to the modern transformation of human nature, the force due to the impact of the industrial revolution brought a rapid increase, the city population explosion, building height and density continue to increase, accelerate the city expansion, causing a bad influence to the ecosystem, the impact is multifaceted and long-term. In the past two hundred years, the large city all over the world have erupted stormwater problems, the specific performance is not sufficient to exclude City waterlogging in the flood season in the municipal pipe network facilities, stormwater management capacity in the city lost heavy rain weather, the water resources crisis has continued in terms of quality and quantity. To alleviate this dilemma, the United States, Britain and other countries to try to implement new stormwater management practices in addition to the municipal pipe network system. In some countries the stormwater management objectives are different, the implementation of the practice is also different, but they all comply with the natural cycle of rainwater. There is wisdom on flood management in China's ancient city, in the modern, appeared and developed countries the same rain flood in the city, in recent years, the rise of the sponge city "concept in our country, the city can be like a sponge, can in the flood storage and detention of rainwater, also can keep moisture in the dry season, improve the city ecosystem function and reduce the occurrence of flood disaster in city Qinhuai district. As one of the main urban area of Nanjing, is the birthplace Jinling culture, its long history, regional channel number is more, for the Qinhuai river. The main river southeast of the Qinhuai River, the moat river and Transportation District will be divided into 3 regions, the northwest regional center has been built, distributed with the Xinjiekou business circle, The old city historic district, high building density, green space is relatively scattered; northeast area is relatively low, the eastern high tech Industrial Park and the land to be developed, municipal infrastructure is still not perfect, and the low-lying, flood season rain and flood disasters in high-risk areas; the southern region was the Air Force Colonel around the airport the distribution of many shantytowns, according to city planning, the airport has been the relocation of Colonel, shantytowns are levied in this area will be built into the "smart city". Nanjing city rivers are basically crossing water, so in the District, including Qinhuai, stormwater management should face the dual pressures of city the flood and waterlogging. Qinhuai District in 2010 launched a project to create a diversion of rain and sewage and drainage standards, the implementation of drainage network reconstruction, from the transformation of the results, to solve the city plot flooding phenomenon is universal and effective At present, the main problem is the ability to deal with heavy rain when the elasticity is insufficient and serious water pollution; in the aspect of organization system, has established the water sector independent and comprehensive implementation of water environmental remediation work, but in practical work, still need further information integration management. Stormwater management mode according to the different goal orientation can be divided into runoff control goal orientation, goal orientation and goal oriented natural use of rainwater resources. Guided by the three based on the Qinhuai District stormwater management model proposed targeted strategies, and pointed out that the three oriented stormwater management model does not exist in isolation, but interdependent and contact each other, in the practical application, we should follow the laws of nature, seeking truth from facts, gradually advance the all-round construction of stormwater management mode. Then, from the green river, the city traffic system, construction From the three angles of group and typical cases, this paper expounds the construction methods of rain and flood management mode in Qinhuai area, and puts forward the optimization measures. Finally, combined with the economic attributes of rain and flood and the role of government, it puts forward safeguard measures from planning level, construction level, management level and high-tech application.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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