本文選題：酸侵蝕　切入點(diǎn)：紅土強(qiáng)度　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)排污和化肥、農(nóng)藥等長(zhǎng)期入侵,造成紅土中的礦物成分發(fā)生了變化,隨著污染逐漸加劇,其對(duì)紅土物理力學(xué)特性的影響已經(jīng)凸顯。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于污染土的研究現(xiàn)狀,主要著眼于云南紅土覆蓋區(qū)域水環(huán)境的變化,研究酸性污染對(duì)紅土礦物成分的影響,分析受蝕紅土的劣化過程,討論污染程度與紅土工程指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而研究礦物組成、水環(huán)境變化對(duì)紅土抗剪強(qiáng)度的影響,探究酸性庫水環(huán)境對(duì)紅土堤壩安全運(yùn)行的威脅,以期建立相關(guān)的量化關(guān)系式。研究過程中,使用常規(guī)土工試驗(yàn)來獲取紅土的相關(guān)工程指標(biāo),應(yīng)用離子檢測(cè)來獲得土中化學(xué)成分的變化數(shù)據(jù),并通過兩者之間的相關(guān)性來建立紅土中有效成分與斜坡安全性的關(guān)系式。污染物對(duì)紅土的侵蝕速度是十分緩慢的,為了在研究期限內(nèi)達(dá)到足夠的化學(xué)反應(yīng),依據(jù)加速壽命試驗(yàn)原理,采用以濃度換時(shí)間的方式來剖析受蝕紅土的演化趨勢(shì),運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬結(jié)合多元線性回歸理論,探討受蝕紅土中有效成分的離子濾出量與工程指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,并將研究成果運(yùn)用于紅土大壩壩坡安全鑒定的工程實(shí)例之中。研究結(jié)果表明:蒙脫石由于特殊的晶格結(jié)構(gòu),具有遇水膨脹的特性,其含量對(duì)土體的抗剪強(qiáng)度有著重要的影響;水的礦化度對(duì)粘性土強(qiáng)度的作用,主要是通過礦物的構(gòu)成和水中的離子來實(shí)現(xiàn)的;若水的礦化度高、土中蒙脫石的含量較大,則對(duì)紅土抗剪強(qiáng)度的影響較大。黏土礦物中的有效成分發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),使其膠結(jié)物質(zhì)破壞溶蝕,是導(dǎo)致紅土強(qiáng)度降低的根本原因;由于倍半氧化物與酸性物質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng),鐵、鋁離子的析出量隨著酸濃度的增大而增多;二氧化硅與氧化鈦并未與酸反應(yīng),故硅和鈦離子的析出量很小。涉水斜坡的滲流安全和穩(wěn)定性均與土體中有效成分的含量密切相關(guān),據(jù)此初步建立了紅土中4種主要成分的離子損失量與滲透系數(shù)、抗剪強(qiáng)度的量化關(guān)系式。相關(guān)的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)側(cè)重于對(duì)土體進(jìn)行物理力學(xué)分析,來判斷斜坡的滲流狀態(tài)和穩(wěn)定性是否符合規(guī)范要求,并對(duì)欠缺部位進(jìn)行充填或力學(xué)加固。在研究酸性水環(huán)境對(duì)紅土長(zhǎng)期侵蝕的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了與工程指標(biāo)密切相關(guān)的“有效成分”設(shè)想,初步明晰了各有效成分的損失對(duì)滲流安全、斜坡穩(wěn)定性的重要作用。繼續(xù)深入研究或可將其發(fā)展為傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的一種補(bǔ)充方法,從而有針對(duì)性地添加紅土中損失的有效成分,使地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防范和除險(xiǎn)加固得以事半功倍。
[Abstract]:Industrial sewage, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and other long-term invasion have caused changes in the mineral composition of red soil. With the gradual intensification of pollution, its impact on the physical and mechanical properties of laterite has become prominent. This paper focuses on the change of water environment in Yunnan laterite covering area, studies the influence of acid pollution on the mineral composition of laterite, analyzes the deterioration process of eroded laterite, discusses the relationship between pollution degree and engineering index of laterite, and then studies the mineral composition. The influence of the change of water environment on the shear strength of red soil, and the threat of acid reservoir water environment to the safe operation of red earth dike are explored, in order to establish the relevant quantitative relationship. In the course of the research, conventional geotechnical tests are used to obtain the engineering indexes of red soil. The change data of chemical composition in red soil are obtained by ion detection, and the relationship between active components and slope safety of red soil is established by the correlation between them. The erosion rate of pollutants to red soil is very slow. In order to achieve enough chemical reactions within the study period, according to the principle of accelerated life test, the evolution trend of corroded laterite was analyzed by using the method of concentration changing time, and the numerical simulation combined with multivariate linear regression theory was used to analyze the evolution trend of eroded laterite. The relationship between the amount of ion filtration and the engineering index of the active components in the eroded laterite is discussed, and the research results are applied to the engineering example of the safety appraisal of the large dam slope of the laterite. The results show that the montmorillonite is due to the special lattice structure. It has the property of water swelling and its content has an important influence on the shear strength of soil; the effect of water salinity on the strength of cohesive soil is mainly realized by mineral composition and ions in water; if the salinity of water is high, If the content of montmorillonite in clay is large, the shear strength of laterite is greatly affected. The chemical reaction of active components in clay minerals, which causes the destruction and dissolution of cemented material, is the fundamental cause of the decrease of the strength of laterite. The precipitation of iron and aluminum ions increases with the increase of acid concentration, while silica and titanium oxide do not react with acid. Therefore, the amount of precipitation of Si and Ti ions is very small. The safety and stability of seepage on wading slope are closely related to the content of active components in soil. Based on this, the ion loss and permeability coefficient of the four main components in laterite are preliminarily established. Quantitative relationship of shear strength. Traditional techniques focus on physical and mechanical analysis of soil to determine whether the seepage state and stability of slopes meet the requirements of the code. On the basis of studying the long-term erosion of laterite by acidic water environment, this paper puts forward the idea of "effective component" which is closely related to the engineering index. The importance of the loss of each active component to the safety of seepage and the stability of slope is preliminarily clarified. Further research is carried out or can be developed as a supplementary method of traditional technology, so as to add the lost effective component of red soil. Geological hazard prevention and reinforcement can be doubled with half the effort.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.132;TV641

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