本文選題：徑流演變　切入點：水文改變度　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在梯級水電站實現(xiàn)更安全的防洪保障、更大的發(fā)電效益、以及提供優(yōu)質(zhì)供水的同時,其強大的徑流調(diào)節(jié)能力亦對河流的天然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成空前的壓力。河流的破碎化、徑流過程的均一化等不可避免的對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生脅迫效應(yīng),進而不同程度地干擾了流域原始的生態(tài)過程和生物生存繁衍所依賴的生境。 為了可持續(xù)地利用水資源,需針對特定河流計算其合適的生態(tài)需水量和頻次的洪水脈沖,并在整個流域上選擇具有調(diào)節(jié)能力的一座或幾座水庫在考慮下游河流生態(tài)需水要求的基礎(chǔ)上,進行聯(lián)合生態(tài)調(diào)度,以緩解或部分消除人類筑壩活動對生態(tài)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響。 基于此,本文選取紅水河上龍灘-巖灘梯級水庫為研究對象。通過Mann-Kendall法和復(fù)Morlet小波分析法,對紅水河段天然河道徑流特征予以分析,徑流生態(tài)脅迫起始年份為2004年。采用RVA法分析脅迫后徑流改變程度,結(jié)果顯示紅水河段綜合水文改變度已達58.47%,屬于中度改變。運用逐月最小生態(tài)流量以及逐月適宜頻率流量等算法計算生態(tài)流量,兼顧下游四大家魚產(chǎn)卵對于洪水脈沖的特殊需求,從生態(tài)基流和洪水脈沖兩方面對梯級下泄流量進行調(diào)控研究。根據(jù)不同生態(tài)約束條件,設(shè)置四種生態(tài)調(diào)度方案：基本工程約束方案、最小生態(tài)流量約束方案、逐月適宜頻率生態(tài)流量約束方案以及人工造峰—最小生態(tài)流量約束方案,對比分析各生態(tài)調(diào)度方案損失的發(fā)電效益。結(jié)果顯示：單純設(shè)置較高的生態(tài)基流會較為嚴(yán)重的影響發(fā)電效益,且在來水較枯年份無足夠水量與調(diào)節(jié)能力實現(xiàn)；而將生態(tài)基流與人造洪峰結(jié)合調(diào)度的模式可在幾乎不損失發(fā)電量的前提下對河流下游特定生物的需水量與形態(tài)進行彌補。為流域生態(tài)修復(fù)研究提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:While achieving safer flood control protection, greater power generation efficiency and high quality water supply for cascade hydropower stations, their strong capacity for regulating runoff also creates unprecedented pressures on the natural ecosystem of rivers, such as the fragmentation of rivers, The homogenization of runoff process inevitably produces the stress effect on the environment, and then interferes with the original ecological process of the watershed and the habitat on which the survival and reproduction of living things depend in varying degrees. For the sustainable use of water resources, the appropriate ecological water requirements and frequency of flood pulses need to be calculated for specific rivers, In order to mitigate or partially eliminate the negative impact of human damming activities on the ecological environment, one or several reservoirs with regulating capacity are selected for joint ecological regulation on the basis of considering the ecological water requirements of the downstream rivers. Based on this, this paper selects Longtan Yantan Cascade Reservoir on Hongshui River as the research object, through Mann-Kendall method and complex Morlet wavelet analysis method, the characteristics of natural channel runoff in Hongshui River reach are analyzed. The beginning year of runoff ecological stress was 2004. The degree of runoff change after stress was analyzed by RVA method. The results show that the comprehensive hydrological change degree of Hongshui River reaches 58.47, which belongs to moderate change. The minimum ecological flow rate and the monthly appropriate frequency flow algorithm are used to calculate the ecological flow rate, and the special demand for flood pulse of the four major fish spawning downstream is taken into account. This paper studies the regulation and control of cascade discharge from two aspects of ecological base flow and flood pulse. According to different ecological constraint conditions, four ecological scheduling schemes are set up: basic project constraint scheme, minimum ecological flow constraint scheme, Monthly suitable frequency ecological flow constraint scheme and artificial peak-minimum ecological flow constraint scheme, The results show that the simple setting of high ecological base flow will seriously affect the power generation benefit, and there is not enough water and regulation capacity in the dry year of water supply. The model of combining ecological basic flow with artificial Hong Feng can make up for the water demand and form of specific organisms in the lower reaches of the river, which provides a new idea for the study of ecological restoration of river basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV737;TV213.4

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳慶偉;劉蘭芬;劉昌明;;筑壩對河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響及水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度研究[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2007年05期

2 徐楊;常福宣;陳進;黃薇;;水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度研究綜述[J];長江科學(xué)院院報;2008年06期

3 陳端;陳求穩(wěn);陳進;;基于改進遺傳算法的生態(tài)友好型水庫調(diào)度[J];長江科學(xué)院院報;2012年03期

4 秦年秀,姜彤,許崇育;長江流域徑流趨勢變化及突變分析[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2005年05期

5 王尚玉;廖文根;陳大慶;段辛斌;彭期冬;王珂;李，

本文編號：1597483