本文選題：間層流　切入點(diǎn)：分層水庫(kù)　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地下水資源的匱乏導(dǎo)致水庫(kù)逐漸成為城市用水的主要水源。夏季暴雨及冬季寒流引發(fā)的強(qiáng)降雨會(huì)造成高泥沙含量和高污染負(fù)荷暴雨徑流進(jìn)入水庫(kù),在一定條件下形成異重流。深水型水庫(kù)易于夏季形成正向水溫分層。本文利用自制的分層模型水庫(kù),開(kāi)展了不同入流泥沙粒徑、入流泥沙濃度和出水口位置條件下的異重流中試研究,主要研究出水口位置對(duì)異重流泥沙分布、特性參數(shù)和排沙比的影響。主要研究成果如下:在弱分層水體中,固定入流流量0.324m3/h,當(dāng)入流泥沙濃度分別為1.25g/L、3.75g/L、7.5g/L,出水口位置分別距庫(kù)底38.5cm、18cm、4cm時(shí),入流泥沙粒徑0.01mm和0.05mm條件下異重流運(yùn)動(dòng)特性類似,泥沙濃度分布、排沙比以及特性參數(shù)差異較小。在強(qiáng)、弱分層水體中,異重流均表現(xiàn)為間層流;當(dāng)入流泥沙濃度相同時(shí),出水口分別位于上、中、下層,異重流厚度、分離點(diǎn)深度、水躍高度和行進(jìn)時(shí)間等參數(shù)數(shù)值相近;在入流泥沙濃度固定的條件下,當(dāng)出水口位于上層時(shí),異重流以間層流形式直接水平流出庫(kù)外,間層流厚度基本沿程不變;當(dāng)出水口位于中下層時(shí),間層流運(yùn)動(dòng)至出水口斷面后會(huì)卷吸周圍清水,引起間層流厚度局部增加。對(duì)比分析了強(qiáng)、弱分層條件下泥沙濃度和水溫分布情況,當(dāng)入流泥沙濃度確定時(shí),如出水口位于上層,躍溫層不會(huì)發(fā)生下潛現(xiàn)象;如出水口位于中、下層,躍溫層會(huì)發(fā)生下潛現(xiàn)象,并且出水口位于下層時(shí)下潛最嚴(yán)重;在其他條件相同時(shí),躍溫層下潛在弱分層水體中更為嚴(yán)重。在弱分層水體中,異重流排沙比受出水口位置和入流泥沙濃度共同影響。對(duì)于上層出水口,入流泥沙濃度1.25g/L時(shí)的排沙比大于3.75g/L時(shí)的對(duì)應(yīng)值;對(duì)于中層出口,入流泥沙濃度1.25g/L與3.75g/L時(shí)的排沙比相差不大;對(duì)于下層出水口,排沙比變化特性與上層出水口相反。如入流泥沙濃度較小,上層出水口時(shí)的排沙比大于中、下層對(duì)應(yīng)值;如入流泥沙濃度較大,中層出水口時(shí)的排沙比大于上、下層出水口對(duì)應(yīng)值。在強(qiáng)分層水體中,如出水口位置確定,則入流泥沙濃度基本不影響異重流排沙比;如入流泥沙濃度確定,則上層出水口時(shí)的排沙比遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于中、下層出水口對(duì)應(yīng)值。隨著異重流運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),雖然排沙比有所增加,但庫(kù)區(qū)摻混嚴(yán)重,并不利于排沙。
[Abstract]:The scarcity of groundwater resources leads to the reservoir gradually becoming the main water source for urban water. Heavy rainfall caused by heavy rain in summer and cold current in winter will cause heavy rain runoff with high sediment content and high pollution load to enter the reservoir. Under certain conditions, the gravity flow is formed. The deep water reservoir is apt to form the forward water temperature stratification in summer. In this paper, different sediment particle sizes are developed by using the self-made stratified model reservoir. The effects of the location of the outlet on the distribution, characteristic parameters and the ratio of sediment discharge of the dense flow are studied. The main results are as follows: in the weakly stratified water body, the main results are as follows: in the weak stratified water body, the distribution of sediment, the characteristic parameters and the ratio of sediment discharge are studied. When the inlet sediment concentration is 1.25g / L 3.75g / L 7.5g / L and the outlet position is 38.5 cm ~ (-1) cm ~ (-1) ~ 4 cm ~ (-1) from the bottom of the reservoir, the density distribution, sediment discharge ratio and characteristic parameters are similar under the conditions of 0.01mm and 0.05mm grain size. The difference of sediment concentration distribution, sediment discharge ratio and characteristic parameters is small. In the weakly stratified water body, the density current is interlaminar flow, when the sediment concentration is the same, the outlet is located in the upper, middle, lower layer, density current thickness, the depth of separation point, the water jump height and the travel time and so on. When the inlet sediment concentration is fixed, when the outlet is in the upper layer, the density current flows out of the reservoir directly in the form of interlaminar flow, the thickness of the interlaminar flow is basically unchanged, and when the outlet is located in the middle and lower layers, When the interlaminar flow is moved to the section of the outlet, the surrounding water will be sucked in, which will cause the local increase of the interlaminar flow thickness. The distribution of sediment concentration and water temperature under the condition of strong and weak stratification is compared and analyzed. When the inlet sediment concentration is determined, if the outlet is located in the upper layer, If the outlet is in the middle, the lower layer, the temperature jump layer will submerge, and when the outlet is in the lower layer, the dive will be the most serious; when other conditions are the same, In the weakly stratified water body, the ratio of heavy current to sediment discharge is affected by the location of outlet and the concentration of sediment. For the upper outlet, it is more serious in the potentially weakly stratified water body under the temperature jump layer. The sediment discharge ratio at 1.25g / L of incoming sediment concentration is greater than the corresponding value at 3.75g / L; for the middle outlet, the ratio of sediment discharge at 1.25g / L and 3.75g / L is not significant; for the lower outlet, The variation of sediment discharge ratio is opposite to that of the upper outlet. If the sediment concentration in the upper outlet is small, the sediment discharge ratio at the upper outlet is greater than that in the middle and the lower layer, and the sediment discharge ratio at the middle outlet is greater than that at the middle outlet if the sediment concentration is larger than that at the middle outlet. In the strong stratified water body, if the location of the outlet is determined, the sediment concentration in the inlet flow will not affect the sediment discharge ratio of the gravity current basically; if the sediment concentration in the upper layer is determined, the sediment discharge ratio of the upper outlet will be far greater than that of the middle one. With the extension of the gravity current movement time, the sediment discharge ratio increased, but the mixing in the reservoir area was serious, which was not conducive to sediment discharge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV145

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