本文選題：破壞　切入點：致因　出處：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：防波堤的主要作用是使港口水域不受波浪作用，廣義上說用于防護來自海側(cè)的波浪、流、泥沙和流冰傳到水域內(nèi)的水工建筑物，都可稱作防波堤。它在海岸工程中具有重要的作用和特殊的地位。隨著港址逐漸向外海發(fā)展，，在水深超過20m處建設防波堤的情況日益增多。在《防波堤設計與施工規(guī)范（JTS154-1-2011）》中明確了水深超過20m的防波堤為深水防波堤堤，其斷面型式、尺度和構(gòu)造要求等方面多與淺水防波堤有所差異。尤其是當深水堤發(fā)生破壞時，往往造成重大的經(jīng)濟損失并產(chǎn)生極大的影響。 本文以沿海某船廠防波堤破壞為研究背景，收集并分析了10個國內(nèi)外防波堤破壞的案例，重點研究沿海某船廠深水防波堤破壞的工程實例，分析該次防波堤的破壞原因，提出防波堤修復方案，并結(jié)合修復工程的物理模型試驗對方案進行優(yōu)化。形成了以下主要結(jié)論： （1）通過分析10個國內(nèi)外防波堤工程破壞的實例，總結(jié)防波堤破壞的致因主要包括：波浪資料不準確；現(xiàn)行計算方法無法全面囊括各種要素，如破碎破作用、斜向浪作用等；結(jié)構(gòu)設計中的問題，如越浪沖刷、護堤失穩(wěn)、地基承載力不足、護面塊體斷裂、構(gòu)造缺陷等；以及施工質(zhì)量控制缺陷。 （2）經(jīng)過對沿海某船廠破壞情況的分析，總結(jié)破壞原因包括：原推算波浪偏小，使扭王字塊體重量小，在臺風作用下失穩(wěn)破壞；下部棱體頂高程較高，在棱體失穩(wěn)后護面塊體沿坡下滑，護面大面積失穩(wěn)破壞；原設計沒有設護底塊石，可能是導致坡腳被掏刷的一個原因；原設計頂肩只能安防1排人工塊體，容易導致?lián)趵藟η安亢偷撞繅K石被掏刷；擋浪墻施工中分層現(xiàn)澆砼結(jié)合不良，導致墻體破壞。針對破壞可能的致因，提出以12t扭王字塊體為護面的帶肩臺斜坡堤結(jié)構(gòu)做為修復方案。 （3）經(jīng)斷面物理模型試驗驗證后，優(yōu)化了斷面結(jié)構(gòu)型式，包括：抬高消浪肩臺至1.3m，以使波浪在堤前更多破碎，以降低越浪量；降低蹬腳棱體頂面高程至-11.5m，以減小波浪和沿堤水流對其沖擊影響；水下1.0倍波高以下護面塊體受力較小，適當減輕塊體重量。并且根據(jù)工程特點，進行了越浪影響分析，在不影響舾裝碼頭工作的情況下，適當控制擋浪墻高程。
[Abstract]:The main function is to make the port waters Breakwater by wave action, the broad sense for protection from the sea side of the wave, flow, sediment and ice to the waters of the hydraulic structures, can be called the breakwater. It has the important and special status in coastal engineering. With the development of port site gradually to the sea in the depth of more than 20m, the breakwater construction is increasing. In the code for design and construction of Breakwater (JTS154-1-2011) < > defines the depth of more than 20m for the Deepwater Breakwater breakwater, the section type, scale and structure requirements and other aspects with shallow water breakwaters vary. Especially when the deepwater dike failure. Often cause significant economic losses and have a great impact.
In this paper, a coastal shipyard breakwater failure as the research background, the collection and analysis of 10 domestic and foreign cases focus on the destruction of the breakwater, coastal shipyard Deepwater Breakwater damage engineering example, analysis of reason for the failure of breakwater, breakwater proposed restoration scheme, and optimize the program combined with the physical model test has formed the restoration project. The following main conclusions:
(1) through the analysis of 10 domestic and foreign breakwater damage examples, summarizes the cause of failure of breakwater mainly include: the wave data is not accurate; the current calculation method is not comprehensive to include a variety of factors, such as broken broken, oblique wave; structural design problems, such as overtopping erosion, berm instability. Insufficient bearing capacity, block fracture, structural defects and other defects; and construction quality control.
(2) after the analysis of damages to the coastal shipyard, including summarizing the failure reasons: the original projection wave is small, the Accropode body weight is small, the failure under typhoon; the lower prism top elevation is high, the decline in the prism instability block along the slope, facing a large area failure of the original design; no armour stone, may be one cause of slope was dig brush; the original design shoulder only 1 rows of artificial security block, easily lead to wave wall front and bottom stone thrown brush; block layered cast-in-situ concrete wave wall construction with poor guide due to the wall damage. According to the failure may cause, proposed by 12t accropodes for protective belt shoulder slope dike structure as the repair scheme.
(3) the section model test, including the optimization of cross section structure: elevation of wave dissipation shoulder to 1.3m, in order to make waves more broken in front of embankment, to reduce the overtopping; reduce the foot edge body top elevation to -11.5m, in order to reduce the influence of wave and its impact on the flow along the dike under water; 1 times the height below the armor block force small block weight is appropriately reduced. And according to the characteristics of the project, analyzes the influence on overtopping, does not affect the outfitting work, proper control of wave wall height.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U656.2

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