本文選題：生物滯留設(shè)施　切入點(diǎn)：基質(zhì)填料　出處：《吉林建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，城市化進(jìn)程的加快，使得城區(qū)道路硬化路面（ImperviousCover,IC）比率不斷增加。地表植被覆蓋率降低，雨水不能被地表植物截留下滲涵養(yǎng)地下水，只能形成道路徑流。同時(shí)雨水徑流污染情況也比較嚴(yán)重，徑流雨水污染物主要包括有機(jī)物，氮素，磷素，重金屬，病原體等。世界各個(gè)國家相繼提出許多雨水徑流管理措施從而減少和控制大規(guī)模雨水徑流引發(fā)的洪澇災(zāi)害和水環(huán)境污染。目前比較提倡的做法是將雨水徑流通過小規(guī)模分散措施低影響地逐步排除，主要通過植物截留和土壤下滲使雨水徑流涵養(yǎng)地下水源，從源頭上控制大規(guī)模雨水徑流的形成，達(dá)到防微杜漸的效果。這種理念被稱為低影響開發(fā)的理念（LowImpactDevelopmentLID）。這種雨洪管理措施能夠?qū)⒂晁畯搅魉鶐淼暮闈碁?zāi)害以及徑流對(duì)水資源的污染，危害程度降低到最低。當(dāng)暴雨強(qiáng)度較大時(shí)徑流量也變得較大，當(dāng)徑流量超過排水管網(wǎng)的最大承受能力時(shí)就會(huì)形成內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害。雨水徑流的中的污染物質(zhì)如果不經(jīng)過處理直接排放到河流水體當(dāng)中會(huì)造成巨大的污染，徑流中的氮素磷素污染物質(zhì)排放到河流中很容易造成赤潮和水華等災(zāi)害的發(fā)生。生物滯留設(shè)施作為一種能夠有效調(diào)節(jié)城市雨水徑流，減緩城市洪澇災(zāi)害以及進(jìn)一步改善徑流雨水水質(zhì)的生物處理單元應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這種生物滯留單元目前來看是國內(nèi)外比較推崇的最佳雨水徑流管理措施。在我國北方濱水地區(qū)有著良好的應(yīng)用前景，如何能夠合理有效的應(yīng)用生物滯留設(shè)施適應(yīng)滿足目標(biāo)地區(qū)的生態(tài)水文條件一直都是國內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究的重要課題。 本研究從分子結(jié)構(gòu)，物理形態(tài)，形狀功能等方面詳細(xì)介紹了四種常見的吸附基質(zhì)（火山巖，沸石，凹凸棒土，草炭土）作為生物滯留設(shè)施填料層對(duì)于徑流雨水水質(zhì)的凈化作用以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益評(píng)價(jià)分析。總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外生物滯留設(shè)施的研究方法以及適用條件，對(duì)適應(yīng)我國北方濱水地區(qū)集安市的生物滯留設(shè)施進(jìn)行改良試驗(yàn)。通過靜態(tài)土柱試驗(yàn)確定了最佳填料層的填料配比。研究了單一填料層設(shè)施、接種微生物設(shè)施以及種植植物后完整的生物滯留設(shè)施對(duì)雨水徑流水質(zhì)改善的貢獻(xiàn)，對(duì)污染物質(zhì)的凈化去除機(jī)理進(jìn)行了闡述。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用恒水頭法測量了基質(zhì)填料、混合填料的滲透率。遵循水質(zhì)改善條件和徑流雨水在填料層水力停留時(shí)間相平衡的原則對(duì)裝置設(shè)施填料層進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。 本文對(duì)適合目標(biāo)地集安市的生物滯留設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)完成后做了多次模擬降雨實(shí)驗(yàn)，，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了新型生物滯留設(shè)施能夠滿足集安市的發(fā)展條件，在削減了暴雨徑流的同時(shí)也大幅度的改善了徑流雨水的水質(zhì)。設(shè)施具有一定的景觀效益，在解決了徑流雨水帶來的一系列水環(huán)境問題的同時(shí)也能夠美化環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)保護(hù)和城市規(guī)劃發(fā)展相結(jié)合的宏偉目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the ratio of hardened roads in urban areas is increasing. The coverage of vegetation is reduced, and Rain Water can not be stopped by the surface plants to conserve groundwater. Only road runoff can be formed. At the same time, the pollution from Rain Water runoff is also quite serious. The pollutants mainly include organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. Various countries in the world have put forward many runoff management measures to reduce and control flood disasters and water environmental pollution caused by large-scale Rain Water runoff. Small scale dispersion measures are phased out with low impact, Mainly through plant interception and soil infiltration to enable Rain Water runoff to conserve underground water sources, and to control the formation of large-scale Rain Water runoff from the source. The idea is called low impact Development LID.These rain and flood management measures can bring about floods and water pollution caused by Rain Water's runoff. The degree of damage is reduced to the lowest. When the rainstorm intensity is greater, the runoff becomes larger, When the runoff exceeds the maximum capacity of the drainage network, waterlogging will occur. The pollutants from Rain Water's runoff will cause enormous pollution if discharged directly into the river water without treatment. The discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from runoff into rivers can easily lead to the occurrence of disasters such as red tide and Shui Hua. As a kind of biological detention facility, it can effectively regulate the runoff of urban Rain Water. The biological treatment unit to mitigate urban flood disaster and further improve the water quality of runoff Rain Water came into being. At present, this kind of biological retention unit is regarded as the best runoff management measure of Rain Water in the north of China. Waterfront area has a good application prospects, How to apply biological detention facilities reasonably and effectively to meet the ecological and hydrological conditions in the target area has always been an important research topic for domestic and foreign scholars. In this study, four kinds of common adsorptive matrix (volcanic rock, zeolite, attapulgite, etc.) were introduced in detail from the aspects of molecular structure, physical morphology, shape function and so on. Peat soil) as the packing layer of biological retention facilities for the purification of runoff Rain Water water quality and economic evaluation analysis, summarized the domestic and foreign biological retention facilities research methods and applicable conditions, An improved experiment was carried out on the biological detention facilities in Ji'an City, a waterfront area in the north of China. The optimum packing ratio was determined by static soil column test. The single packing layer facility was studied. The contribution of inoculation microorganism facilities and intact biological retention facilities after planting plants to the improvement of Rain Water's runoff water quality and the mechanism of purifying and removing pollutants were expounded. The substrate fillers were measured by constant water head method. According to the principle of water quality improvement condition and runoff Rain Water's equilibrium in the hydraulic retention time of packing bed, the facility packing layer was designed. In this paper, after the design of biological detention facilities suitable for the target city of Ji'an has been completed, a number of simulated rainfall experiments have been carried out. The experimental results show that the new biological detention facilities can meet the development conditions of Ji'an city. While reducing rainstorm runoff, it has also greatly improved the water quality of runoff Rain Water. The facility has certain landscape benefits. It can also beautify the environment while solving a series of water environmental problems brought about by runoff Rain Water. Realize the grand goal of combining ecological protection and urban planning and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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