本文選題：水電站機(jī)組與廠房結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：測(cè)試信號(hào)積分方法　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著電站規(guī)模、水頭、容量的提高,機(jī)組與廠房結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸越來(lái)越大,對(duì)機(jī)組的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行要求逐漸提高,水電站的振動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性逐漸成為研究、制造、運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵課題。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外一些高水頭、大容量水電站的廠房結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)了明顯的振動(dòng)問(wèn)題,甚至發(fā)生破壞。這些實(shí)際問(wèn)題的存在,使得廠房結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)機(jī)理研究更為緊迫。水電站長(zhǎng)期處于強(qiáng)噪聲工作環(huán)境,測(cè)量得到的參數(shù)伴隨的擾動(dòng)十分復(fù)雜,在振源相互耦合、結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)非線性的振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中,如何識(shí)別振源的成分、振動(dòng)傳遞的具體路徑,已成為目前水力發(fā)電領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。 本文圍繞復(fù)雜擾動(dòng)條件下水電站振動(dòng)的傳導(dǎo)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)研究,結(jié)合信號(hào)分析、隨機(jī)振動(dòng)和振動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)等理論,研究了復(fù)雜擾動(dòng)條件下水電站水力振源豎向振動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)路徑的分析理論與計(jì)算方法,探討了水電站振動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)的梯度排序問(wèn)題,提高了隨機(jī)振動(dòng)問(wèn)題中擾動(dòng)分析的準(zhǔn)確性,為振動(dòng)控制以及振動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性分析提供了理論支撐。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下： (1)針對(duì)時(shí)域積分產(chǎn)生漂移以及頻域積分累積誤差較大的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合水電站振動(dòng)信號(hào)的特征,提出一種適用于水電站振動(dòng)測(cè)試信號(hào)的二次積分算法。該算法以EMD分解為基礎(chǔ),利用其自適應(yīng)濾波特性剔除頻域積分所產(chǎn)生的趨勢(shì)項(xiàng)誤差。算例表明,該方法具有較高的計(jì)算精度,能夠完整保留信號(hào)的頻域特性,可用于工程實(shí)際。 (2)水電站工作運(yùn)行時(shí),噪聲污染嚴(yán)重,使得各參數(shù)伴隨大量由不同成因組成的擾動(dòng)因素,單一擾動(dòng)量不足以完整描述。針對(duì)該情況,本文提出采用雙擾動(dòng)形式,特別是同時(shí)包含乘性擾動(dòng)、加性擾動(dòng)的混合型擾動(dòng)形式對(duì)各參數(shù)所含擾動(dòng)量進(jìn)行刻畫(huà),推導(dǎo)出相應(yīng)的隨機(jī)振動(dòng)分析方法,并通過(guò)算例驗(yàn)證了可行性及有效性。 (3)在雙擾動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步研究當(dāng)擾動(dòng)之間、參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性以及同時(shí)存在兩類相關(guān)性的結(jié)構(gòu)隨機(jī)振動(dòng)問(wèn)題,并推導(dǎo)出相應(yīng)的計(jì)算方法。通過(guò)算例分析各類相關(guān)性對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,并最終應(yīng)用于水電站水力振源豎向振動(dòng)傳遞路徑分析。算例表明,當(dāng)隨機(jī)參數(shù)較多時(shí),參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性不可忽略。 (4)在以往水力振源豎向振動(dòng)分析模型的基礎(chǔ)上引入頂蓋子系統(tǒng),建立了一個(gè)更為完善的、可用于振動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)分析的水電站水力振源豎向振動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)化模型。在考慮質(zhì)量、阻尼、剛度參數(shù)具有復(fù)雜擾動(dòng)條件下,對(duì)豎向振動(dòng)傳遞路徑進(jìn)行理論分析和數(shù)值計(jì)算,在頻域內(nèi)給出各豎向振動(dòng)傳遞路徑的傳遞率及其概率特征,并利用功率流方法相互印證。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the scale, head and capacity of the power station, the size of the unit and the structure of the powerhouse are becoming larger and larger, and the requirements for the safe and stable operation of the unit are gradually increased, and the vibration stability of the hydropower station becomes the research and manufacture gradually. In recent years, some high water head and large capacity hydropower plant structures at home and abroad have appeared obvious vibration problems or even destroyed. These practical problems exist. The study of vibration mechanism of powerhouse structure is more urgent. The hydropower station is in the working environment of strong noise for a long time, and the disturbance associated with the measured parameters is very complicated, in the vibration system with the coupling of vibration sources and the strong nonlinear structure, How to identify the components of vibration sources and the specific path of vibration transmission has become a hot and difficult point in the field of hydropower. Based on the theory of signal analysis, random vibration and vibration conduction, this paper focuses on the vibration conduction of hydropower station under complex disturbance conditions. This paper studies the analysis theory and calculation method of vertical vibration conduction path of hydraulic vibration source of hydropower station under complex disturbance conditions, discusses the gradient ranking problem of vibration conduction of hydropower station, and improves the accuracy of disturbance analysis in random vibration problem. It provides theoretical support for vibration control and vibration stability analysis. The main research contents and results are as follows:. 1) aiming at the problems of the drift of time domain integral and the large cumulative error of frequency domain integral, a quadratic integral algorithm which is suitable for the vibration test signal of hydropower station is proposed, which is based on EMD decomposition, and combines the characteristics of vibration signal of hydropower station. The trend error caused by the frequency domain integral is eliminated by its adaptive filtering characteristic. The example shows that the method has high calculation accuracy and can completely retain the frequency domain characteristic of the signal, and it can be used in engineering practice. 2) the noise pollution is serious in the operation of the hydropower station, which causes the parameters to be accompanied by a large number of disturbance factors composed of different causes, and the single disturbance quantity is not enough to describe the whole situation. In view of this situation, a double disturbance form is proposed in this paper. In particular, the mixed perturbation form including multiplicative perturbation and additive perturbation is used to characterize the perturbed quantity of each parameter, and the corresponding random vibration analysis method is derived. The feasibility and validity of the method are verified by an example. 3) on the basis of the double disturbances, we further study the random vibration problem of structures with two kinds of correlation and the correlation between the parameters between the disturbances. The corresponding calculation method is deduced. The influence of various correlations on the structure is analyzed by examples, and finally applied to the analysis of vertical vibration transfer path of hydraulic vibration source of hydropower station. The calculation example shows that when the random parameters are more, The correlation between parameters cannot be ignored. On the basis of the previous vertical vibration analysis model of hydraulic vibration source, a more perfect simplified model of vertical vibration of hydraulic vibration source of hydropower station is established by introducing the roof subsystem, which can be used for vibration conduction analysis. Considering the mass and damping, the vertical vibration of hydraulic vibration source of hydropower station is simplified. The vertical vibration transfer paths are theoretically analyzed and numerically calculated under the condition of complex disturbance of stiffness parameters. The transfer rate and probability characteristics of each vertical vibration transfer path are given in the frequency domain, and the power flow method is used to verify each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV312

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