本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高含沙洪水 水流交匯區(qū) 淤積沙洲 河床形態(tài) 淤積模式　出處：《水力發(fā)電學(xué)報(bào)》2017年12期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：黃河上游交匯區(qū)為典型的高含沙水流交匯區(qū),支流高含沙洪水往往引起劇烈的河床形態(tài)調(diào)整及沖淤變化。利用室內(nèi)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)、野外觀測(cè)資料,研究了支流高含沙洪水入?yún)R干流后,交匯區(qū)變化過(guò)程及沖淤計(jì)算方法。研究表明,交匯區(qū)河床形態(tài)包括壅水區(qū)淤積沙壩、分離區(qū)沙洲、輸水輸沙主槽及分離區(qū)以下河段的沙洲等基本元素。進(jìn)入交匯口上游壅水區(qū)的泥沙全部落淤,淤積量隨高含沙洪水沙量的增加呈線性線增加;提出的交匯口以下河段的泥沙淤積模式,揭示了泥沙淤積的主要影響因素為支流高含沙洪水沙量、匯流比、恢復(fù)飽和系數(shù)等,支流高含沙洪水沙量的作用更為明顯,該模式可以定量描述交匯口以下河段的泥沙淤積。支流高含沙洪水形成的淤積沙洲的沖刷,取決于干流洪水流量及持續(xù)時(shí)間。黃河上游交匯區(qū)的淤積沙洲,較優(yōu)的沖刷流量為2000 m3/s左右,沖刷歷時(shí)為10天左右。
[Abstract]:The intersection area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River is a typical high sediment flow intersection area. The flood of tributaries with high sediment content often causes severe river bed shape adjustment and erosion and siltation changes. The indoor model experiment and field observation data are used. In this paper, the change process of the intersection area and the calculation method of scouring and silting after the tributary high sediment flood enters the main stream are studied. The results show that the river bed form in the intersection area includes the backwater area silting sand dam, the separating area sand bar. Basic elements such as the main channel of water and sediment transport and the sand banks in the lower reaches of the separation area. All the sediments entering the backwater area upstream of the junction are silted, and the amount of sediment deposition increases linearly with the increase of the flood sediment amount of the high sediment content. The model of sediment deposition below the intersection mouth reveals that the main influencing factors of sediment deposition are the high sediment concentration of tributaries, the confluence ratio, the coefficient of recovery saturation and so on, and the effect of the flood sediment content of the tributaries is more obvious. The model can quantitatively describe the silt deposition in the reach below the junction. The erosion of silt banks formed by the high sediment flood of tributaries depends on the flood discharge and duration of the main stream, and the silt sandbanks in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The optimal scour flow is about 2000 m3 / s and the scour duration is about 10 days.
【作者單位】： 黃河水利科學(xué)研究院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51379087)
【分類號(hào)】：TV147

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