發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 17:22

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 路面雨水 徑流污染物 土壤滲濾 回用　出處：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著嘉興市城市化進(jìn)程的加快，，路面雨水徑流面源污染對(duì)該市河網(wǎng)水系地破壞日益嚴(yán)重，水環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降趨勢(shì)愈加明顯，使本來(lái)水資源豐沛的嘉興市面臨水質(zhì)型缺水的尷尬局面。針對(duì)這一情況，本文以緩解面源污染、實(shí)現(xiàn)雨水資源化為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，對(duì)嘉興市雨季降雨特征、路面雨水徑流污染物特征、針對(duì)黏土的土壤增滲截污方法以及利用土壤滲濾池對(duì)路面雨水進(jìn)行處理、回用的可行性分別進(jìn)行了研究，并得出了以下結(jié)論： （1）通過(guò)對(duì)嘉興市多年降雨數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，確定了嘉興市雨季（4-10月）的多年平均總降雨量為750mm，且有逐年增多的趨勢(shì)；平均降雨頻率為2.9天/場(chǎng)；雨型分析表明，嘉興市降雨多以雙峰型降雨為主，出現(xiàn)頻率為33.6%，且雨峰多出現(xiàn)在中部和后部。 （2）嘉興市路面雨水徑流主要污染物為COD、NH4+-N和SS，平均濃度分別為546mg/L、3.16mg/L和1050mg/L，且三種主要污染物具有同源性。 （3）土壤滲濾滲透實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，向黏土中分別摻入8種填料后，混合土壤的滲透性能均比黏土有所提高，其中，陶粒和沸石對(duì)黏土滲透性能的提升最為明顯。其中，黏土與陶粒、沸石以體積比2:1:1混合組成的NTF土壤，其滲透性能最好，滲透系數(shù)為2.58m/d，是黏土本身滲透系數(shù)的3.9倍。 （4）土壤滲濾凈化實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，向黏土中分別摻入陶粒、沸石、中砂和磁鐵礦后，混合土壤凈化性能較黏土本身有所提升；而摻入鋸末、果殼、爐渣后，反而會(huì)降低黏土的凈化性能。在COD去除方面，NFZ土壤凈化效果最好，去除率達(dá)91%；在TN去除方面，NTZ土壤凈化效果最好，去除率達(dá)67%；在TP去除方面，NTC土壤凈化效果最好，去除率達(dá)96%；在NH4+-N去除方面，NFZ土壤凈化效果最好，去除率達(dá)68%；在SS去除方面，NTF土壤、NFZ土壤去除率均達(dá)98%。經(jīng)過(guò)比較，NTF土壤對(duì)徑流污染物的綜合去除效果最好。此外，土壤厚度對(duì)土壤凈化能力的影響大于土壤配比對(duì)土壤凈化能力的影響，NTF土壤采用厚度為40cm與30cm相比，40cm厚NTF土壤的凈化性能明顯較好；NTF土壤的填料配比（體積比）對(duì)凈化性能影響不大。 （5）嘉興市193km長(zhǎng)的城市道路汛期的產(chǎn)流總量為1.9×106m3，收集這些雨水徑流需要建設(shè)容積為150m3貯水池的個(gè)數(shù)為309個(gè)。若能將收集的雨水全部回用，則將會(huì)有48%的雨水資源用于沖洗路面，31%的雨水資源用于澆灑綠地。 （6）回用的經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面，建設(shè)和維護(hù)雨水回用設(shè)施的成本約為6798萬(wàn)元，每年可獲得收益2163萬(wàn)元，雨水回用設(shè)施的使用年限為30年，成本回收期為3年。生態(tài)性方面，通過(guò)土壤滲濾的方式對(duì)路面雨水進(jìn)行凈化和回用，每年可以截留COD958噸、TN7.4噸、TP3.4噸、NH4+-N5.9噸、SS1267噸，將對(duì)嘉興市水環(huán)境的改善起到積極的作用。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in Jiaxing City, the non-point source pollution caused by surface Rain Water runoff is more and more serious to the river network of Jiaxing City, and the trend of water environment quality decline is becoming more and more obvious. Jiaxing, which has abundant water resources, is faced with an awkward situation of water quality and water shortage. In view of this situation, aiming at this situation, in order to alleviate non-point source pollution and realize Rain Water's resource utilization, the paper analyzes the rainfall characteristics of rainy season in Jiaxing City and the characteristics of pollutants from road surface Rain Water runoff. In this paper, the feasibility of treating and reusing road surface Rain Water by soil infiltration filter is studied, and the following conclusions are obtained:. 1) through the statistical analysis of the annual rainfall data of Jiaxing City, it is determined that the average annual total rainfall of Jiaxing City during the rainy season is 750mm, with a trend of increasing year by year, the average rainfall frequency is 2.9 days / field, and the rain pattern analysis shows that, The rainfall in Jiaxing is mainly bimodal rainfall with the frequency of 33.6am, and the rainfall peak is mostly in the middle and back. (2) the main pollutants in the runoff of Rain Water in Jiaxing are CODN NH4-N and SS.The average concentration is 546 mg / L 3.16 mg / L and 1050 mg / L respectively, and the three main pollutants are homologous. (3) soil percolation experiments showed that the permeability of mixed soils was higher than that of clay, and the permeability of clay and zeolite was the most obvious after the addition of 8 fillers to clay, among which clay and ceramsite were the most effective. The NTF soil composed of 2: 1: 1 by volume ratio has the best permeability with a permeability coefficient of 2.58 m / d, which is 3.9 times of the permeability coefficient of the clay itself. (4) the experiment of soil filtration purification shows that after the clay is mixed with ceramsite, zeolite, medium sand and magnetite, the purification performance of mixed soil is improved compared with the clay itself, and the mixed soil is mixed with sawdust, fruit shell and slag. On the contrary, it will reduce the purification performance of clay. In the aspect of COD removal, the effect of soil purification is the best, the removal rate is 91%; in the aspect of TN removal, the effect of soil purification is the best, and the removal rate is 67%; in the aspect of TP removal, the effect of soil purification is the best. The removal rate is 96%; in the aspect of NH4 -N removal, the removal efficiency is the best, and the removal rate is 68%. In SS removal aspect, the removal rate of NH4 soil is 98%. After comparison, the comprehensive removal efficiency of runoff pollutants is the best. The effect of soil thickness on soil purification ability is greater than that on soil purification ability by proportion of soil. Compared with 30cm and 40cm thick NTF soil, the effect of soil thickness on soil purification ability is obviously better. It has little effect on the purification performance. In Jiaxing City, the total runoff production of 193m long urban road in flood season is 1.9 脳 106 m3, and the number of water storage tanks with a volume of 150 m3 needed to be constructed for collecting these Rain Water runoff is 309. If we can reuse all the collected Rain Water, 48% of Rain Water's resources will be used to wash 31% of the road surface, and Rain Water's resources will be used to sprinkle green space. (6) on the economic side of reuse, the cost of building and maintaining Rain Water's reuse facilities is about 67.98 million yuan, with an annual income of 21.63 million yuan, and a useful life of 30 years and a cost recovery period of 3 years of use of Rain Water reuse facilities. By means of soil leachate, road surface Rain Water can be purified and reused, which can intercept COD958 ton, TN7.4 ton, TP3.4 ton, TP3.4 ton and SS1267 ton, which will play a positive role in the improvement of water environment in Jiaxing City.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV213.9;TU991.57

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