本文關(guān)鍵詞： 北方干旱地區(qū) 水動力模型 泥沙輸運(yùn)模型 耦合模型 數(shù) 值模擬 汾河水庫　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水庫作為調(diào)節(jié)控制地表水資源的有效手段,是充分開發(fā)利用水資源系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。對于北方干旱地區(qū),水庫往往作為飲用水源地,維持有效的庫容不僅能夠保證正常供水,還有利于進(jìn)水中污染物的降解,提高出水水質(zhì),然而水庫在運(yùn)行過程中必然會產(chǎn)生泥沙淤積,泥沙淤積會降低水庫儲蓄水資源的能力,減小有效庫容,縮短水庫的服務(wù)年限,并會導(dǎo)致供水水質(zhì)降低,增大水廠的處理費(fèi)用,影響到城市居民飲水安全,所以對水庫泥沙淤積的研究就顯得尤為重要。 本文以北方干旱地區(qū)中型水庫為背景,選定水庫泥沙淤積為主要研究內(nèi)容,應(yīng)用環(huán)境系統(tǒng)分析的總體思想,確定針對性的研究技術(shù)路線；以水動力模型為基礎(chǔ)并結(jié)合泥沙輸運(yùn)模型,建立水庫水動力-泥沙輸運(yùn)耦合數(shù)值模型。以山西省汾河水庫為載體,建立可以描述庫區(qū)在水動力作用下泥沙輸運(yùn)的二維數(shù)值模型,對水庫泥沙輸運(yùn)和沖淤進(jìn)行定量化研究,揭示汾河水庫泥沙的輸運(yùn)和沖淤規(guī)律；對未來十年庫區(qū)沖淤狀況進(jìn)行預(yù)測,同時對目前汾河水庫的運(yùn)用方式及排沙減淤措施提出建議。論文的研究成果具有一定的理論意義和應(yīng)用價值。 論文的研究成果包括： (1)針對北方干旱地區(qū)中型水庫的特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化的設(shè)計(jì)思想,綜合水動力、泥沙輸移模型,形成了一種研究水庫泥沙沖淤的定量化技術(shù)方法體系。 (2)以二維水動力模型為基礎(chǔ),綜合考慮各種影響泥沙淤積的因素,如：水動力、泥沙顆粒粒徑、孔隙率、相對密度、風(fēng)場、渦粘系數(shù)、床面糙率等,有機(jī)地將水動力模型和泥沙運(yùn)輸模型進(jìn)行耦合,建立起水庫水動力-泥沙輸移耦合模型。 (3)以山西省汾河水庫為研究載體,根據(jù)庫區(qū)周邊的水陸環(huán)境,結(jié)合遙感技術(shù)及特殊點(diǎn)的GPS定位,確定模擬范圍；并依據(jù)水庫的自然地形特征(溝谷切割破碎,支流寬窄不一)建立邊界吻合性較好的非結(jié)構(gòu)化三角形網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng),應(yīng)用平滑處理技術(shù)生成相應(yīng)的水庫數(shù)值地形。 (4)在確定基本參數(shù)和定解條件的基礎(chǔ)上,對2013年汛期的泥沙輸運(yùn)及淤積進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,同時對1959-2009年庫區(qū)的泥沙淤積狀況進(jìn)行模擬分析,模擬運(yùn)行結(jié)果揭示了汾河水庫泥沙的沖淤規(guī)律,比較真實(shí)地反映了泥沙的輸移及沖淤分布,也從另一方面驗(yàn)證了所建模型的正確性；對未來十年庫區(qū)的泥沙沖淤狀況進(jìn)行了預(yù)測,反映在目前含沙量和運(yùn)行方式下庫區(qū)淤積的趨勢及對庫容的影響。 (5)針對當(dāng)前汾河水庫的運(yùn)用方式和排沙清淤措施提出了建議。 本研究綜合水動力、泥沙輸運(yùn)模型建立起水動力-泥沙輸運(yùn)耦合模型,并將其應(yīng)用到汾河水庫的研究中,具有一定的創(chuàng)新性；較系統(tǒng)地分析研究了汾河水庫水動力條件和泥沙沖淤分布,對緩解水庫的泥沙淤積問題,保證居民飲水安全,促進(jìn)水庫水資源的合理利用,充分發(fā)揮水庫的綜合效益提供了有力的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Reservoirs, as an effective means of regulating and controlling surface water resources, are an important part of the system for the full development and utilization of water resources. For arid areas in the north, reservoirs are often used as sources of drinking water. Maintaining an effective reservoir capacity can not only guarantee the normal water supply, but also benefit the degradation of pollutants in the influent and improve the effluent quality. However, during the operation of the reservoir, there will inevitably be sediment deposition, which will reduce the ability of the reservoir to store water resources. Reducing the effective storage capacity shortening the service life of the reservoir will lead to the decrease of water quality increase the treatment cost of water plant and affect the drinking water safety of urban residents so the study of reservoir siltation is particularly important. In this paper, taking medium reservoirs in arid areas of northern China as the background, the silt deposition of reservoirs is selected as the main research content, and the research technical route is determined by applying the general idea of environmental system analysis. Based on hydrodynamic model and combined with sediment transport model, a coupled numerical model of reservoir hydrodynamic and sediment transport is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir in Shanxi Province as the carrier, a two-dimensional numerical model can be established to describe sediment transport under hydrodynamic action in the reservoir area. A quantitative study on sediment transport and scouring and silting in the reservoir is carried out to reveal the law of sediment transport and erosion and siltation in Fenhe Reservoir, and to predict the scouring and silting situation in the reservoir area in the next ten years. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward for the application of Fenhe Reservoir and the measures of sediment discharge and siltation reduction. The research results of this paper have certain theoretical significance and application value. The research results include:. 1) according to the characteristics of middle-sized reservoirs in arid areas of northern China, a quantitative technical system for studying sediment erosion and deposition in reservoirs is formed by applying systematic design ideas, integrating hydrodynamic forces and sediment transport models. (2) based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, various factors affecting sediment deposition, such as hydrodynamics, sediment particle size, porosity, relative density, wind field, vortex viscosity coefficient, bed roughness and so on, are considered synthetically. The hydrodynamic model and sediment transport model are coupled organically, and a coupling model of reservoir hydrodynamic and sediment transport is established. Taking Fenhe Reservoir in Shanxi Province as the research carrier, according to the water and land environment around the reservoir area, combining with remote sensing technology and GPS positioning of special points, the simulation range is determined, and the natural topographic characteristics of the reservoir (gully and valley cutting and breaking) are used to determine the simulation range. The unstructured triangular mesh system with good boundary coincidence is established and the corresponding reservoir numerical terrain is generated by smoothing processing technique. 4) on the basis of determining the basic parameters and solution conditions, the sediment transport and siltation during the flood season in 2013 are numerically simulated, and the sediment deposition in the reservoir area from 1959 to 2009 is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results reveal the law of sediment scouring and silting in Fenhe Reservoir, which reflect the transport and distribution of sediment. On the other hand, the correctness of the model is verified. The situation of sediment scouring and deposition in the reservoir area in the next ten years is forecasted, which reflects the trend of sediment accumulation and its influence on reservoir capacity under the current sediment content and operation mode. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the operation of Fenhe Reservoir and the measures of removing sediment and clearing silt. In this study, the hydrodynamic and sediment transport coupling model was established and applied to the study of Fenhe Reservoir. The hydrodynamic conditions and sediment scouring and silting distribution of Fenhe Reservoir are systematically analyzed and studied, which can alleviate the silt deposition of the reservoir, ensure the safety of drinking water for residents, and promote the rational utilization of water resources of the reservoir. Giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV145

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