本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水塘 斜溫層 垂向冰溫 垂向水溫 數(shù)學(xué)模型　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：冰蓋內(nèi)的溫度變化在很大程度上影響著冰蓋的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及承載力的變化,分析垂向溫度以及斜溫層的變化規(guī)律,建立靜水冰厚與冰溫的模型,對冰上作業(yè)的測量人員的安全性具有很大意義,同時(shí)也為動(dòng)水冰蓋模型的建立提供參考依據(jù)。本文通過對2015-2016年冬季封凍期托克托縣河口水塘靜水冰的觀測并采集數(shù)據(jù),得到完整的冬季封凍期冰蓋厚度、垂向冰溫、垂向水溫、氣溫等一系列的水塘冰情實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),通過觀測了解整個(gè)封凍期的冰情現(xiàn)象變化過程,并研究整個(gè)封凍期河口水塘斜溫層的變化過程與垂向溫度的變化規(guī)律,且利用軟件進(jìn)行冰溫與冰厚的數(shù)值模擬,得到相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。取得以下主要成果。(1)具體描述了河口水塘在結(jié)冰期和消融期的冰蓋生消現(xiàn)象,較為直觀的了解了冰蓋在整個(gè)結(jié)冰周期的變化情況及其他條件(如氣象等)對冰蓋在整個(gè)封凍期的影響。(2)初步分析了河口水塘在整個(gè)封凍期冰情現(xiàn)象變化的原因,以及冰蓋變化與溫度之間的聯(lián)系。(3)得到整體斜溫層、冰內(nèi)斜溫層、水中斜溫層及恒溫層的變化過程和變化速率,以及產(chǎn)生變化的原因。得到相應(yīng)的斜溫層與恒溫層的數(shù)據(jù)。(4)對于垂向冰溫與水溫,通過對數(shù)據(jù)的整理分析得到整個(gè)封凍期溫度的橫向與縱向變化過程及規(guī)律,分析相應(yīng)變化的原因和溫度梯度發(fā)生不規(guī)律變化的主要影響因素,以及"冷中間層"出現(xiàn)的原因。(5)得到累積日均氣溫與冰厚增長的關(guān)系。對結(jié)冰期的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,得到試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)的累積日均氣溫與冰厚增長的線性關(guān)系式。(6)以熱力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),確定邊界條件,建立了冰溫與冰厚變化過程的模擬方程,得到各系數(shù)的取值。根據(jù)實(shí)測值和模擬值的對比,建立了整個(gè)封凍期冰蓋厚度的增長消融以及冰內(nèi)溫度變化的模型,并在模擬冰厚變化和冰溫變化的過程中具有較高的精度,說明此模型在本試驗(yàn)的原型研究中應(yīng)用相對良好。此模型預(yù)計(jì)為靜水冰蓋生消過程及冰內(nèi)溫度的時(shí)空分布提供理論基礎(chǔ),為今后建立動(dòng)水冰生消模型作為參考和提供思路。
[Abstract]:The variation of temperature in the ice sheet greatly affects the internal structure and bearing capacity of the ice sheet. The variation law of vertical temperature and oblique temperature layer is analyzed, and the model of ice thickness and ice temperature in still water is established. It is of great significance to the safety of the surveyors working on the ice, and also provides a reference for the establishment of the model of the hydrodynamic ice sheet. This paper observed and collected the ice in the estuary ponds of Toquetto County during the winter period of 2015-2016. A series of measured data of the ice regime in reservoirs, such as the thickness of the ice sheet, the vertical ice temperature, the vertical water temperature and the temperature during the winter period, are obtained, and the change process of the ice state phenomena during the whole period is understood through observation. The variation process and vertical temperature of the oblique temperature layer in the estuarine pond during the whole freezing period are studied, and the numerical simulation of the ice temperature and ice thickness is carried out by using the software. The corresponding mathematical models are obtained. The following main results are obtained. The phenomena of ice cap formation and extinction in estuarine ponds during the ice forming and ablation periods are described in detail. The changes of ice cover in the whole ice forming period and the influence of other conditions (such as meteorology) on the ice sheet during the whole period of freezing are intuitively understood, and the reasons for the change of ice situation in estuarine reservoirs during the whole period of freezing are analyzed preliminarily. And the relation between the ice sheet change and temperature.) the change process and change rate of the whole inclined temperature layer, the inner inclined temperature layer, the water inclined temperature layer and the constant temperature layer are obtained. For vertical ice temperature and water temperature, the horizontal and longitudinal variation process and law of the temperature during the whole freezing period are obtained through the analysis of the data. The relationship between the accumulated daily mean temperature and the ice thickness is obtained by analyzing the causes of the corresponding changes and the main influencing factors of the irregular change of the temperature gradient, as well as the reason of the "cold interlayer". The data of the ice forming period are fitted. Based on the thermodynamic theory, the boundary conditions are determined, and the simulation equation of the process of ice temperature and ice thickness variation is established. According to the comparison between the measured and simulated values, a model of the thickness increase and melting of the ice sheet and the variation of the temperature inside the ice during the whole period is established, and the model has a high accuracy in simulating the change of the ice thickness and the change of the ice temperature. It is concluded that this model has been applied well in the prototype study of this experiment. The model is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the formation and elimination process of the ice cap and the temporal and spatial distribution of the ice temperature in the still water, and it can be used as a reference and train of thought for the establishment of the hydrodynamic ice generation and elimination model in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV697.21

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