本文關(guān)鍵詞： 混流泵作透平 理論分析 數(shù)值模擬 試驗(yàn)研究 含沙水　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大型水電站的建設(shè)需要大規(guī)模的水壩結(jié)構(gòu),建設(shè)費(fèi)用高,投資回收周期長(zhǎng),大壩蓄能的水庫(kù)可能淹沒巨大的寶貴農(nóng)業(yè)用地。而小型水電站無此類問題,可提供分散化的發(fā)電。尤其是在偏遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村和丘陵地帶,更加適合發(fā)展小型水電站。對(duì)于小水電站,采用泵反向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)作為透平發(fā)電簡(jiǎn)單可行。離心泵反轉(zhuǎn)用作透平主要用于小流量、高水頭工況,混流泵作透平用于較大流量、中低水頭工況。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)混流泵作透平的研究很少。本課題進(jìn)行混流泵實(shí)型樣機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)作透平研究。通過數(shù)值模擬、試驗(yàn)比對(duì),結(jié)合相關(guān)理論研究了混流泵作透平的外特性、內(nèi)部流動(dòng)狀態(tài)、高效設(shè)計(jì)等。并對(duì)比分析了介質(zhì)為5%濃度的含沙水與清水時(shí)混流泵作透平的特性。本課題的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:1.采用數(shù)值模擬與試驗(yàn)方法對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)速為249的混流泵工況及其反轉(zhuǎn)作透平工況的外特性進(jìn)行了研究,得知混流泵作透平在大流量區(qū)域運(yùn)行較好,運(yùn)行區(qū)間比較寬廣;當(dāng)流量減少時(shí),混流泵作透平的效率不會(huì)急劇下降。而在泵工況下,混流泵的效率下降較快。同時(shí)較為準(zhǔn)確地獲得了混流泵作透平的數(shù)值模擬方法,為混流泵作透平的后續(xù)進(jìn)一步研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。2.采用BladeGen軟件對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)速為249的混流泵葉輪進(jìn)行了改善設(shè)計(jì),通過數(shù)值模擬,研究了分別改變混流泵作透平葉輪的包角、葉片數(shù)以及葉輪外徑時(shí),對(duì)混流泵作透平性能的影響,獲得了不同葉輪幾何參數(shù)下混流泵作透平的外特性曲線、內(nèi)部流動(dòng)狀況及水力損失分布規(guī)律,分析了葉輪主要幾何參數(shù)對(duì)混流泵作透平性能的影響,可為實(shí)際工程運(yùn)用提供一定的參考。3.針對(duì)小水電溪流水質(zhì)含有泥沙的實(shí)際情況,結(jié)合固液兩相流相關(guān)理論,研究了介質(zhì)分別為5%濃度的含沙水與清水對(duì)混流泵作透平的外特性及內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)分布的影響,得到了混流泵作透平在介質(zhì)為清水時(shí)最高效率點(diǎn)流量下以5%濃度的含沙水為介質(zhì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),葉輪前蓋板內(nèi)表面上的沙粒體積濃度高于后蓋板內(nèi)表面上的體積濃度,因而對(duì)葉輪前蓋板內(nèi)表面,葉片靠近背面的頭部區(qū)域應(yīng)重點(diǎn)考慮如何防止沙粒對(duì)這些部位的磨蝕;蝸殼第六斷面之后的斷面體積濃度較入口濃度沒有明顯變化,但一至五各斷面濃度呈明顯逐漸增高的趨勢(shì),因而在考慮蝸殼內(nèi)的防磨蝕時(shí),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)考慮一至五各斷面,同時(shí)應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮蝸殼中截面附近區(qū)域的防磨蝕能力。因此,為混流泵作透平葉輪及蝸殼等的設(shè)計(jì)提供了一定的參考,具有一定的創(chuàng)新性。
[Abstract]:The construction of large hydropower stations requires a large scale dam structure, high construction cost, long investment recovery cycle, dam storage reservoirs may flood huge valuable agricultural land, while small hydropower stations do not have such problems. Decentralized power generation, especially in remote rural and hilly areas, is more suitable for the development of small hydropower stations. It is simple and feasible to use pump reverse operation as turbine power generation. Centrifugal pump reverse as turbine is mainly used for small flow rate, high water head working condition, mixed flow pump turbine for large flow rate, low water head working condition. At present. There are few researches on turbine of mixed-flow pump at home and abroad. In this paper, a prototype of mixed-flow pump is used to reverse turbine. Through numerical simulation and experimental comparison, combined with relevant theory, the external characteristics of mixed-flow pump as turbine are studied. Internal flow. The characteristics of turbine of mixed flow pump with 5% concentration of sand water and clear water are compared and analyzed. The main contents and results of this research are as follows:. 1. The numerical simulation and test method are used to compare the external characteristics of the mixed flow pump with rotating speed of 249 and its reverse turbine operation. It is known that the mixed flow pump turbine works well in the large flow area and the operation range is relatively wide. When the flow rate is reduced, the turbine efficiency of the mixed flow pump will not decrease sharply, but under the pump condition, the efficiency of the mixed flow pump will decrease more quickly. At the same time, the numerical simulation method of the turbine made by the mixed flow pump is obtained more accurately. It lays the foundation for the further study of the mixed flow pump turbine. 2. The improved design of the impeller of the mixed flow pump is compared with that of the impeller with rotating speed of 249 by using BladeGen software, and the numerical simulation is carried out. The effects of changing the angle of the turbine impeller, the number of blades and the outer diameter of the impeller on the turbine performance of the mixed flow pump are studied, and the external characteristic curves of the mixed flow pump with different impeller geometry parameters are obtained. The internal flow condition and the distribution of hydraulic loss are analyzed. The influence of the main geometric parameters of impeller on the turbine performance of the mixed flow pump is analyzed. It can provide a certain reference for practical application. 3. In view of the actual situation of sediment in the water quality of small hydropower stream, combined with the theory of solid-liquid two-phase flow. The effects of sand water and clear water with 5% concentration on the external characteristics of turbine and the distribution of flow field in the mixed flow pump are studied. The maximum efficiency point flow rate of mixed flow pump as turbine is obtained when 5% concentration of sand water is used as medium when the medium is clear water. The volume concentration of sand on the inner surface of the front cover plate of the impeller is higher than that on the inner surface of the back cover plate, so the inner surface of the front cover plate of the impeller is opposite. The area of the head near the back of the leaf should focus on how to prevent the erosion of these parts by sand particles. The volumetric concentration of the volute after section 6th has no obvious change compared with the inlet concentration, but the concentration of each section in the first to fifth section is increasing gradually, so the abrasion and corrosion resistance in the volute is considered. The first to fifth sections should be considered, and the anti-wear ability of the area near the middle section of the volute should be given priority. Therefore, this paper provides a certain reference for the design of turbine impeller and volute of mixed-flow pump. Have certain innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV734

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