本文關(guān)鍵詞： 巖石力學(xué) 高應(yīng)力 卸荷開(kāi)挖 地下廠房 巖體破裂 鉆孔攝像 時(shí)效開(kāi)裂　出處：《巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：依托我國(guó)目前在建最大的白鶴灘水電站地下廠房面臨的高應(yīng)力誘發(fā)圍巖破壞問(wèn)題,通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)圍巖破壞統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查和巖體鉆孔攝像連續(xù)觀測(cè),全面揭示洞室開(kāi)挖強(qiáng)卸荷下玄武巖內(nèi)部破裂的演化全過(guò)程。廠房洞室現(xiàn)場(chǎng)圍巖表層開(kāi)裂破壞調(diào)查表明:玄武巖卸荷片幫破裂不僅可發(fā)生在完整巖體表面,還可發(fā)生在含一、二組非充分發(fā)育節(jié)理的巖體表面,失穩(wěn)表現(xiàn)形式為片狀與板狀剝落。進(jìn)一步的破裂巖片表面細(xì)觀三維光學(xué)掃描和微觀電鏡掃描分析顯示其表面較為粗糙(JRC一般大于8),晶體撕裂無(wú)擦痕,揭示了玄武巖片幫的張拉破壞機(jī)制。廠房洞室圍巖的鉆孔攝像連續(xù)觀察揭示:玄武巖卸荷開(kāi)裂具有空間非連續(xù)性、最大開(kāi)裂深度逐步增長(zhǎng)、裂隙寬度時(shí)效增大或減小、錨桿和錨索支護(hù)對(duì)開(kāi)裂抑制作用明顯等特征。且現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)還發(fā)現(xiàn),圍巖表面的破壞與內(nèi)部的時(shí)效開(kāi)裂具有協(xié)調(diào)性,即圍巖的開(kāi)挖損傷區(qū)范圍內(nèi)巖體是逐步開(kāi)裂,當(dāng)圍巖開(kāi)裂隨著時(shí)間發(fā)展到一定深度且裂縫隨時(shí)間發(fā)展到一定寬度,圍巖表層剝落、片幫等破壞行為隨即出現(xiàn)。對(duì)白鶴灘玄武巖卸荷開(kāi)裂的觀測(cè)研究不僅直觀揭示了一種高應(yīng)力下硬巖卸荷破壞的表現(xiàn)形式,還表明監(jiān)測(cè)巖體時(shí)效開(kāi)裂發(fā)展過(guò)程對(duì)于深部硬巖的工程災(zāi)害預(yù)警和支護(hù)優(yōu)化具有十分重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Relying on the high stress induced surrounding rock damage problem in the underground powerhouse of Baihetan Hydropower Station which is under construction in our country at present, the field surrounding rock damage statistical investigation and continuous observation of rock borehole camera are carried out. The whole process of interior fracture evolution of basalt under strong unloading in excavation of cavern is fully revealed. The investigation on the cracking and failure of surrounding rock surface in the site of powerhouse shows that the rupture of the unloading slab of basalt can not only occur on the surface of intact rock mass. It may also occur on the surface of rock mass containing one or two groups of undeveloped joints. Further microscopic optical scanning and microelectronic scanning analysis show that the surface of the fractured rock surface is rough and JRC is generally larger than 8, and there are no scratches in the crystal tear. The mechanism of tensile failure of basalt schist is revealed. The continuous observation of borehole camera shows that the unloading cracking of basalt has spatial discontinuity and the maximum crack depth increases gradually. The crack width increases or decreases, the anchor rod and anchor cable support obviously restrain the crack, and it is found that the failure of the surrounding rock surface is in harmony with the internal aging cracking. In other words, the rock mass is gradually cracked in the range of excavation damage zone of surrounding rock, when the crack of surrounding rock develops to a certain depth with time and the crack develops to a certain width with time, the surface of surrounding rock flakes. The observation and study on the unloading cracking of basalt in Baihetan not only revealed a form of unloading failure of hard rock under high stress. It is also shown that monitoring the development process of aging cracking of rock mass is of great significance for early warning of engineering disasters and optimization of support for deep hard rock.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院武漢巖土力學(xué)研究所巖土力學(xué)與工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江三峽工程開(kāi)發(fā)總公司;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2016YFC0600707) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(41372315) 中科院創(chuàng)新促進(jìn)會(huì)項(xiàng)目(2013215)~~
【分類號(hào)】：TV223
【正文快照】： 隨著國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技和社會(huì)的快速融合發(fā)展,“上天、下海、入地”已成為當(dāng)前國(guó)際科學(xué)研究的前沿主題,我國(guó)日益增長(zhǎng)的能源、資源和交通剛性需求,必將促使礦山開(kāi)采、水電開(kāi)發(fā)、隧道建設(shè)等進(jìn)一步向地下深部發(fā)展。在金屬礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)采方面,獅子山、紅透山、夾皮溝、冬瓜山等礦山開(kāi)采

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