本文關(guān)鍵詞：摻氣坎及階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階對(duì)階梯溢流壩水力特性影響研究　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 數(shù)值模擬 摻氣坎 階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階 水力特性

【摘要】：在大單寬流量和高水頭的泄洪建筑物中,寬尾墩+階梯溢流壩+消力池一體化消能工憑借其具有高效消能率和節(jié)約工程成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用,但在實(shí)際工程實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn),泄流在階梯溢流壩前幾級(jí)階梯處易產(chǎn)生空化現(xiàn)象,空化氣泡沿水流移動(dòng)在下游高壓區(qū)破裂,固壁面易發(fā)生空蝕破壞。本文基于X電站,引用水氣兩相流VOF方法的RNGk-ε模型,采用幾何重建方式對(duì)水氣面附近進(jìn)行插值以及利用PISO算法和非定常流算法對(duì)不同摻氣坎及階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階體型的一體化消能工三維流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并通過(guò)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬的可靠性,主要研究成果如下：1、摻氣坎角度及高度對(duì)階梯溢流壩水力特性的影響(1)不同摻氣坎體型下的各方案計(jì)算水深、壓強(qiáng)沿程分布走勢(shì)一致。(2)在其他因素一定時(shí),各方案階梯水平及垂直近壁面平均摻氣濃度C沿程略有波動(dòng)但整體呈減小趨勢(shì),且在后幾級(jí)階梯處保持不變；各方案負(fù)壓起始位置略有不同,且均存在由摻氣濃度突變產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值驟增區(qū)：隨著摻氣坎角度的增大,摻氣空腔長(zhǎng)度、最大負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值及摻氣濃度C隨其增大；隨著摻氣坎高度的增大,最大負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值隨之增大,摻氣空腔長(zhǎng)度及摻氣濃度C隨其減小(3)各方案臨底流速V均沿水流移動(dòng)方向逐漸減�。合苈恃厮饕苿�(dòng)方向逐漸增大,在消力池前段增幅較大,在尾坎附近增幅較小。在其他因素一定時(shí),隨著摻氣坎角度的增大,相同斷面臨底流速V隨之減小,消能率隨其增大：隨著摻氣坎高度的減小,相同斷面臨底流速V隨之減小,消能率隨其增大。2、階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階高度及臺(tái)面角對(duì)階梯溢流壩水力特性的影響(1)不同階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階高度條件下和不同階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階臺(tái)面角條件下的各方案計(jì)算水深、壓強(qiáng)沿程變化趨勢(shì)一致。(2)在其他因素一定時(shí),各方案階梯水平及垂直近壁面摻氣濃度C、階梯水平及垂直近壁面負(fù)壓分布走勢(shì)一致：各方案均存在由摻氣濃度突變產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值驟增區(qū)；隨著階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階高度的增大,最大負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值隨之減小,摻氣空腔長(zhǎng)度和相同斷面摻氣濃度隨其增大；隨著階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階臺(tái)面角的增大,摻氣空腔長(zhǎng)度、摻氣濃度隨其減小,最大負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值隨之增大。(3)各方案臨底流速V沿水流移動(dòng)方向逐漸減小；消能率沿水流移動(dòng)方向逐漸增大,在消力池前段增幅較大,在尾坎附近增幅較小。在其他因素一定時(shí),隨著階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階高度的增大,相同斷面臨底流速V隨之減小,消能率隨其增大；隨著階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階臺(tái)面角的減小,相同斷面臨底流速V隨之減小,消能率隨其增大,即臺(tái)面角下跌10。更利于能量的耗散。經(jīng)綜合分析,摻氣坎角度為11.3。、高度為1m和階面首級(jí)臺(tái)階高度為2m的過(guò)渡銜接方式較優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:In the large single wide discharge and high head flood discharge buildings, the integrated energy dissipator of stepped spillway dam with wide tail pier is widely used because of its advantages of high efficiency energy dissipation rate and saving engineering cost. However, in the practical engineering practice, it is found that the cavitation is easy to occur at the several steps of the stepped spillway in front of the stepped spillway dam, and the cavitation bubble moves along the flow and ruptures in the high pressure area downstream. Cavitation erosion is easy to occur on the solid wall. In this paper, the RNGk- 蔚 model of water-gas two-phase flow VOF method is introduced based on X power station. The geometric reconstruction method is used to interpolate the water surface and the PISO algorithm and the unsteady flow algorithm are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field of the integrated energy dissipator with different aerator and step shape. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by the model experiment. The main research results are as follows: 1. The influence of aerator angle and height on hydraulic characteristics of stepped spillway dam. 1) calculation of water depth under different aeration sill shapes and uniform distribution of pressure along the path. 2) when other factors are fixed, the influence of aeration angle and height on hydraulic characteristics of stepped spillway dam is discussed. The average aeration concentration C along the horizontal and vertical wall of each scheme fluctuates slightly but decreases as a whole and remains unchanged at the later steps. The starting position of negative pressure in each scheme is slightly different, and there is a sharp increase region of negative pressure absolute value caused by the sudden change of aeration concentration: with the increase of aeration angle, the length of aeration cavity is increased. The maximum negative pressure absolute value and aeration concentration C increase with it. With the increase of aeration height, the absolute value of maximum negative pressure increases. With the decrease of aeration cavity length and aeration concentration C) the flow velocity V of each scheme gradually decreased along the direction of flow movement; the energy dissipation rate gradually increased along the direction of water flow and increased greatly in the front section of stilling pool. When other factors are fixed, with the increase of aeration angle, the bottom velocity V of the same fault decreases, and the energy dissipation rate increases with the increase of aeration height. The bottom velocity V of the same fault decreases and the energy dissipation rate increases with it. The influence of step height and Mesa Angle on hydraulic characteristics of stepped Spillway Dam (1) the calculation of water depth under the condition of different step height and different step angle. The variation trend of pressure along the course is the same. (2) when other factors are fixed, the aeration concentration C of each scheme is horizontal and vertical near the wall. The distribution of negative pressure on the horizontal and vertical wall is the same: there is a sharp increase in the absolute value of negative pressure caused by the sudden change of aeration concentration in each scheme. With the increase of the step height of the first step, the absolute value of the maximum negative pressure decreases, and the aeration cavity length and the aeration concentration of the same section increase with it. With the increase of the angle of the first step of the step, the length of the aeration cavity and the aeration concentration decrease with it, and the absolute value of the maximum negative pressure increases with the increase of the absolute value of the maximum negative pressure. The energy dissipation rate increases gradually along the direction of water flow. The increase is larger in the front section of the stilling pool and smaller in the vicinity of the tail ridge. When other factors are fixed, with the increase of step height of the first step of the step. The bottom velocity V of the same fault decreases and the energy dissipation rate increases with it. With the decrease of the bench angle of the first step of the step, the bottom velocity V of the same fault decreases, and the energy dissipation rate increases with it, that is, the table angle decreases by 10. It is more favorable for energy dissipation. The transition connection mode is better when the aeration angle is 11.3.The height is 1m and the step height of the first step is 2m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV652.1;TV135.2

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