【摘要】：生物油具有p H值低、粘度高、熱值低、含氧量高及腐蝕性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),限制了其作為燃料直接使用,需要對(duì)其提質(zhì)。生物油提質(zhì)的方法主要有物理法和化學(xué)法。本文主要運(yùn)用物理法中的乳化法和添加溶劑等方法對(duì)生物油進(jìn)行提質(zhì),選取稻殼熱解油為原料,離心分離得輕質(zhì)油和重質(zhì)油,然后分別進(jìn)行提質(zhì)。輕質(zhì)油與0#柴油在復(fù)配乳化劑(司盤(pán)80和吐溫80)作用下進(jìn)行乳化,運(yùn)用單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)探索乳化條件,親水親油平衡值(HLB)值、溫度、時(shí)間、轉(zhuǎn)速和助乳化劑等對(duì)乳化油穩(wěn)定性的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)得到優(yōu)化條件為:HLB值等于7、溫度為40 oC、乳化時(shí)間為5 min、轉(zhuǎn)速為15000 rpm和助乳化劑/復(fù)配乳化劑質(zhì)量比為0.04。此乳化條件下制取的乳化油穩(wěn)定時(shí)間為384 h。選取萃取劑三辛胺、助溶劑仲辛醇和稀釋劑石油醚作為萃取相,萃取輕質(zhì)油中的酸性組分以提高乳化油的p H值,采用單因素和正交實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)萃取實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化,得出優(yōu)化的萃取實(shí)驗(yàn)條件是:v(三辛胺)/v(仲辛醇)/v(石油醚)的比例為4:1:5、相比為1:0.6、溫度為30 oC、超聲時(shí)間為2 min、萃取后生物油p H值為4.21,而萃取率僅為1.81%。萃取后得到的乳化油穩(wěn)定時(shí)間為358 h。重質(zhì)油因粘度過(guò)大,不能與0#柴油直接進(jìn)行乳化,本文選擇醇解的方法,催化醇解重質(zhì)油后再進(jìn)行乳化。在180 oC下、700 oC煅燒的Ca(CH3COO)2催化醇解重質(zhì)油組分。醇解油被檢測(cè)出的化合物主要有酚、醇、酮、醛和酸,含量最多的是酚類,為64.10%。選擇醇解油與甲醇的質(zhì)量比分別為1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1以及無(wú)甲醇配制成調(diào)制油,調(diào)制油與0#柴油在復(fù)配乳化劑(司盤(pán)80、司盤(pán)85和吐溫80)作用下進(jìn)行乳化。探索不同的HLB值對(duì)乳化油油穩(wěn)定性的影響。其中,m(醇解油)/m(甲醇)=1:1時(shí),HLB值等于7,穩(wěn)定時(shí)間可以達(dá)到96.27 h。對(duì)穩(wěn)定性較好的一組乳化油進(jìn)行閃點(diǎn)、燃點(diǎn)、密度、粘度、p H值、熱值的和腐蝕特性的測(cè)定,其性能接近柴油指標(biāo)。
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圖片說(shuō)明：乳化油分層前后圖片
[Abstract]:Bio-oil has the characteristics of low pH value, high viscosity, low calorific value, high oxygen content and strong corrosion, which limits its direct use as fuel and needs to be improved. The main methods of improving the quality of biological oil are physical method and chemical method. In this paper, the emulsification method and solvent addition method in physical method are used to improve the quality of bio-oil. Rice husk pyrolysis oil is selected as raw material, light oil and heavy oil are separated by centrifugation, and then the quality improvement is carried out respectively. Light oil and 0 # diesel oil were emulsified under the action of compound emulsifier (Span 80 and Twin 80). The effects of emulsification conditions, hydrophilic lipophilic equilibrium value (HLB), temperature, time, rotating speed and auxiliary emulsifier on the stability of emulsified oil were investigated by single factor experiment. The experimental results show that the HLB value is equal to 7, the emulsification time is 40 oC, the emulsification time is 5 min, the rotating speed is 15000 rpm, and the mass ratio of auxiliary emulsifier to compound emulsifier is 0.04. The stable time of emulsion oil prepared under this emulsification condition is 384 h. The extractant trioctylamine, cosolvent secondary octanol and diluent petroleum ether were selected as extraction phases to extract acidic components from light oil to increase the pH value of emulsified oil. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the extraction experiment. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: v (trioctylamine) / v (secondary octanol) / v (petroleum ether) ratio was 4 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2510769