【摘要】：化學(xué)驅(qū)是三次采油中一類(lèi)重要的提高原油采收率技術(shù),其中包括單一化學(xué)驅(qū)和復(fù)合化學(xué)驅(qū)。然而,化學(xué)驅(qū)油劑價(jià)格昂貴,油藏開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程復(fù)雜而漫長(zhǎng),原油價(jià)格和油藏地質(zhì)參數(shù)往往存在一定的不確定性。為了能夠科學(xué)合理地設(shè)計(jì)化學(xué)驅(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)方案,盡可能獲得更好的回報(bào),本文研究了不確定條件下的化學(xué)驅(qū)注入策略優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。針對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)螺旋優(yōu)化算法尋優(yōu)性能的不足,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了算法改進(jìn)研究,構(gòu)建了新的混合螺旋優(yōu)化算法。通過(guò)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)算法基礎(chǔ)上引入變異操作,并將骨干粒子群的位置更新操作視為變異算子,在保留原算法全局搜索能力的同時(shí),增強(qiáng)了局部尋優(yōu)性能,提高了求解精度和效率。針對(duì)一般約束優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,采用非固定分段映射罰函數(shù)法,將約束問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為無(wú)約束優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,避免了常規(guī)罰函數(shù)法的懲罰系數(shù)難以確定的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)例子測(cè)試,表明了混合算法具有良好的尋優(yōu)性能。將混合螺旋優(yōu)化算法應(yīng)用于CSTR最優(yōu)控制問(wèn)題和一維聚合物驅(qū)注入優(yōu)化問(wèn)題中,驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)算法的有效性。聚合物驅(qū)是一種典型的化學(xué)驅(qū)方法,針對(duì)其注入方案的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,考慮原油價(jià)格和地質(zhì)參數(shù)的不確定性,通過(guò)引入機(jī)會(huì)約束規(guī)劃方法,分別以最大化利潤(rùn)收益和最大化原油產(chǎn)量為目標(biāo),建立了油價(jià)不確定和地質(zhì)參數(shù)不確定的聚合物驅(qū)機(jī)會(huì)約束規(guī)劃模型。考慮到油價(jià)和地質(zhì)參數(shù)在優(yōu)化模型中的特點(diǎn),分別通過(guò)確定性等價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化和隨機(jī)模擬方法對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)約束條件進(jìn)行處理,應(yīng)用混合螺旋優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化求解,實(shí)例計(jì)算驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性。復(fù)合驅(qū)油體系的色譜分離現(xiàn)象會(huì)降低甚至破壞復(fù)合驅(qū)油效果。通過(guò)引入新的色譜分離判別模式,設(shè)計(jì)了色譜分離參數(shù)的計(jì)算方法,并利用面向?qū)ο缶幊陶Z(yǔ)言開(kāi)發(fā)了相應(yīng)的計(jì)算軟件。針對(duì)化學(xué)復(fù)合驅(qū)油體系的注入優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,為使復(fù)合體系盡可能地發(fā)揮出最大的協(xié)同作用,以色譜分離參數(shù)最大化為性能指標(biāo),考慮地質(zhì)參數(shù)的不確定性,建立了化學(xué)復(fù)合驅(qū)的注入方案的機(jī)會(huì)約束規(guī)劃模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了實(shí)例求解。
[Abstract]:Chemical flooding is an important technology to improve oil recovery in tertiary oil recovery, including single chemical flooding and compound chemical flooding. However, the price of chemical oil displacement agent is expensive, the reservoir development process is complex and long, and there is often some uncertainty in crude oil price and reservoir geological parameters. In order to design the development scheme of chemical flooding scientifically and reasonably and get as good a return as possible, the optimization of chemical flooding injection strategy under uncertain conditions is studied in this paper. Aiming at the deficiency of the optimization performance of the standard spiral optimization algorithm, the algorithm improvement is studied, and a new hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is constructed. The mutation operation is introduced on the basis of the standard algorithm, and the position updating operation of the backbone particle swarm is regarded as the mutation operator. While retaining the global search ability of the original algorithm, the local optimization performance is enhanced, and the accuracy and efficiency of the solution are improved. For the general constrained optimization problem, the non-fixed piecewise mapping penalty function method is used to transform the constraint problem into an unconstrained optimization problem, which avoids the problem that the penalty coefficient of the conventional penalty function method is difficult to determine. Through the standard example test, it is shown that the hybrid algorithm has good optimization performance. The hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is applied to CSTR optimal control problem and one-dimensional polymer flooding injection optimization problem, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified. Polymer flooding is a typical chemical flooding method. Aiming at the optimization of its injection scheme, considering the uncertainty of crude oil price and geological parameters, the opportunity constrained programming model of polymer flooding with uncertain oil price and uncertain geological parameters is established by introducing opportunity constrained programming method to maximize profit and crude oil production, respectively. Considering the characteristics of oil price and geological parameters in the optimization model, the opportunity constraints are dealt with by deterministic equivalent transformation and random simulation methods, and the hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is used to optimize the solution. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example. The chromatographic separation of composite oil displacement system will reduce or even destroy the effect of compound flooding. By introducing a new discriminant model of chromatographic separation, the calculation method of chromatographic separation parameters is designed, and the corresponding calculation software is developed by using object-oriented programming language. Aiming at the injection optimization problem of chemical composite flooding system, in order to maximize the synergistic effect of the composite system as much as possible, taking the maximization of chromatographic separation parameters as the performance index and considering the uncertainty of geological parameters, the opportunity constrained programming model of the injection scheme of chemical composite flooding is established and solved by an example.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE357.46;TP18

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