【摘要】：近年來,隨著油氣田勘探開發(fā)的深入,油氣鉆井逐漸由淺部地層向深部地層轉(zhuǎn)變,鉆遇地層巖石硬度增大、可鉆性級(jí)值增高,機(jī)械鉆速降低、破巖效率降低,鉆井成本升高,因此在各種鉆井技術(shù)中高效鉆井破巖技術(shù)就凸顯了自身的重要性。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)沖擊振動(dòng)鉆井技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,從工程技術(shù)角度揭示了其提高機(jī)械鉆速的機(jī)理,但同時(shí)考慮到?jīng)_擊振動(dòng)和鉆進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究很少,因此,本文在考慮兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上針對(duì)諧振沖擊下鉆頭破巖機(jī)理展開研究�；跈C(jī)械振動(dòng)理論,將沖擊振動(dòng)和鉆進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)相結(jié)合,建立了考慮兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)的鉆進(jìn)系統(tǒng)力學(xué)模型,并對(duì)模型進(jìn)行理論求解,分析各參數(shù)的影響,同時(shí)利用數(shù)值模擬和室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的手段驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性和實(shí)用性,揭示了諧振沖擊下鉆頭破巖機(jī)理。取得了以下的研究結(jié)論:1.將沖擊振動(dòng)理論和鉆進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)相結(jié)合,建立了諧振沖擊下破巖實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)化物理模型,并提出了利用巖石的運(yùn)動(dòng)位移衡量其抵抗破碎的難易程度的方式,同時(shí)引進(jìn)了無因次振動(dòng)參數(shù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,分析了諧振沖擊下巖石在不同時(shí)間段的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程。2.通過對(duì)模型進(jìn)行理論分析,揭示了鉆頭侵入巖石的深度隨著靜態(tài)載荷、動(dòng)態(tài)載荷和沖擊頻率的增加而逐漸增加,并且當(dāng)沖擊頻率和巖石自身固有頻率相接近時(shí),侵入巖石的深度達(dá)到最大值;同時(shí)侵入巖石的深度隨著巖石硬度的增大而逐漸減小。3.利用有限元模擬和室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)分析兩種方法對(duì)諧振沖擊下破巖力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。驗(yàn)證結(jié)果和理論分析結(jié)果相吻合,證明了模型的的正確性和實(shí)用性。本文的研究對(duì)諧振沖擊鉆井在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)施應(yīng)用具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義和使用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the deepening of oil and gas field exploration and development, oil and gas drilling has gradually changed from shallow formation to deep formation, the rock hardness of drilling formation increases, the drillability grade value increases, the drilling speed decreases, the rock breaking efficiency decreases, and the drilling cost increases. Therefore, in all kinds of drilling technology, efficient drilling rock breaking technology highlights its own importance. At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the impact vibration drilling technology, and revealed the mechanism of improving the drilling speed from the point of view of engineering technology, but at the same time, considering that the research of impact vibration and drilling motion is very few, therefore, In this paper, the rock breaking mechanism of bit under resonant impact is studied on the basis of considering two kinds of motion. Based on the mechanical vibration theory and the combination of impact vibration and drilling motion, a mechanical model of drilling system considering two kinds of motion is established, and the model is solved theoretically, and the influence of each parameter is analyzed. At the same time, the correctness and practicability of the model are verified by means of numerical simulation and laboratory test, and the rock breaking mechanism of bit under resonant impact is revealed. The following conclusions have been obtained: 1. Based on the theory of impact vibration and drilling motion, a simplified physical model of rock breaking experimental system under resonant impact is established, and a way to measure the difficulty of rock breaking resistance by using the motion displacement of rock is put forward. At the same time, the dimensionless vibration parameters are introduced to solve the model, and the movement process of rock in different time periods under resonant impact is analyzed. Through the theoretical analysis of the model, it is revealed that the depth of bit invading rock increases gradually with the increase of static load, dynamic load and impact frequency, and when the impact frequency is close to the natural frequency of rock itself, The depth of intrusive rock reaches the maximum. At the same time, the depth of intrusive rock decreases gradually with the increase of rock hardness. The mechanical model of rock breaking under resonant impact is verified by finite element simulation and laboratory test analysis. The verification results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results, which proves the correctness and practicability of the model. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance and application value for the implementation and application of resonant impact drilling in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE21

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