【摘要】：膠凝原油顆粒水力懸浮輸送技術(shù)是不加熱原油集輸?shù)男峦黄?此方法將膠凝原油通過流態(tài)化處理裝置摻入溫度在凝點附近或低于凝點的水中,凝成大小不同的膠凝顆粒,依靠低溫水?dāng)y帶凝固原油顆粒進(jìn)行水力懸浮輸送,從而大大降低輸送過程中的熱量損失,達(dá)到節(jié)能目的。在此過程中,水-膠凝原油兩相流是一個非常復(fù)雜的動力系統(tǒng),包含著多種非線性非平衡特征。膠凝原油顆粒既像固體有其確定的界面,又有屈服-假塑性流體的特性,其運(yùn)動規(guī)律和變形特征影響水力懸浮輸送的效果,掌握膠凝原油顆粒在水力懸浮輸送過程中的運(yùn)動規(guī)律和變形特征對推動該技術(shù)的發(fā)展有重要意義。本文采用理論分析和數(shù)值模擬計算相結(jié)合的方法,對水力懸浮輸送過程中膠凝原油顆粒的運(yùn)動規(guī)律和變形特征進(jìn)行研究。(1)膠凝原油顆粒在水力懸浮輸送過程的運(yùn)動規(guī)律研究。連續(xù)相采用k??湍流模型,離散相采用DPM模型,采用課題組建立的水-膠凝原油兩相流中膠凝原油顆粒的曳力系數(shù)模型計算曳力,使用UDF定義管段入口速度分布,利用Fluent軟件進(jìn)行模擬,得到不同條件下膠凝原油顆粒的運(yùn)動軌跡和y方向速度,并對顆粒粒徑、顆粒密度、釋放位置、顆粒初速度和水流速度等影響因素進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:膠凝原油顆粒粒徑越小、密度越大,顆粒在垂直方向上達(dá)到的終端上浮速度越小,越不容易發(fā)生碰壁;水流速度越大,在相同時間內(nèi)膠凝原油顆粒沿管長方向的經(jīng)過位移越大,越不容易發(fā)生碰壁;顆粒的水平速度同步于流場的速度變化,主要受釋放位置的影響,與顆粒的初速度無關(guān)。根據(jù)兩顆粒運(yùn)動軌跡交叉原理,忽略顆粒的加速過程,建立了兩顆粒的碰撞模型,利用Matlab軟件對該模型進(jìn)行理論計算,并將計算結(jié)果與Fluent軟件模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比。(2)膠凝原油顆粒在水力懸浮輸送過程的變形特征研究。通過原油流變特性測試給出了膠凝原油的流變方程,采用VOSET方法追蹤膠凝原油顆粒的界面變化,借助Fluent軟件模擬了單個膠凝原油顆粒在水力懸浮輸送過程中的變形,分析了原油溫度、顆粒粒徑、界面張力、水流速度等因素對變形度的影響。結(jié)果表明,膠凝原油顆粒變形受流場的剪切作用、原油的屈服特性和剪切稀釋性共同影響,在剪切速率較小的中心區(qū)域,作用于膠凝原油顆粒的剪切應(yīng)力難以克服其屈服值,很難發(fā)生變形;當(dāng)顆粒接近壁面時,剪切力大于屈服值,在剪切稀釋性的影響下,粘度降低,變形迅速增大;溫度越低,粘度越大,變形度越小;界面張力阻止顆粒的變形,界面張力越小,顆粒變形度越大;膠凝原油顆粒的粒徑越小,變形度越小。最后分析了無量綱數(shù)We對變形度的影響,We越大,慣性力相對于界面張力效應(yīng)越明顯,顆粒的變形度越大。
[Abstract]:The hydraulic suspension transportation technology of cementitious crude oil particles is a new breakthrough in unheated crude oil gathering and transportation. In this method, the cementitious crude oil is mixed into water near or below the freezing point by fluidization treatment device to form cementitious particles of different sizes. Hydraulic suspension transportation is carried out by carrying solidified crude oil particles with low temperature water, so as to greatly reduce the heat loss in the transportation process and achieve the purpose of energy saving. In this process, water-cementitious crude oil two-phase flow is a very complex dynamic system, which contains a variety of nonlinear non-equilibrium characteristics. Cementitious crude oil particles have not only the definite interface of solid, but also the characteristics of yield-pseudoplastic fluid. The movement law and deformation characteristics of cementitious crude oil particles affect the effect of hydraulic suspension transportation. It is of great significance to master the movement law and deformation characteristics of cementitious crude oil particles in the process of hydraulic suspension transportation in order to promote the development of this technology. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation is adopted. The movement law and deformation characteristics of cementitious crude oil particles in the process of hydraulic suspension transportation are studied. (1) the movement law of cementitious crude oil particles in the process of hydraulic suspension transportation is studied. The continuous phase adopts k? In the turbulence model, the discrete phase adopts the DPM model, and the drag coefficient model of the cementitious crude oil particles in the water-cementitious crude oil two-phase flow established by the research group is used to calculate the drag force. The inlet velocity distribution of the pipe section is defined by UDF and simulated by Fluent software. The trajectory and y direction velocity of cementitious crude oil particles under different conditions were obtained, and the influencing factors such as particle size, particle density, release position, initial particle velocity and flow velocity were analyzed. The results show that the smaller the particle size and the higher the density of cementitious crude oil particles, the smaller the terminal floating speed reached by the particles in the vertical direction, and the less likely it is to collide with the wall. The larger the flow velocity is, the greater the displacement of cementitious crude oil particles along the length of the pipe is in the same time, and the less likely it is to collide with the wall. The horizontal velocity of particles synchronizes with the velocity change of flow field, which is mainly affected by the release position and independent of the initial velocity of particles. According to the intersection principle of the motion trajectory of the two particles and neglecting the acceleration process of the particles, the collision model of the two particles is established, and the theoretical calculation of the model is carried out by using Matlab software. The calculated results are compared with those simulated by Fluent software. (2) the deformation characteristics of cementitious crude oil particles during hydraulic suspension transportation are studied. The rheological equation of cementitious crude oil is given by testing the Rheological properties of crude oil. The interfacial changes of cementitious crude oil particles are traced by VOSET method, and the deformation of single cementitious crude oil particles in the process of hydraulic suspension transportation is simulated by Fluent software. The effects of crude oil temperature, particle size, interfacial tension and flow velocity on deformation were analyzed. The results show that the deformation of cementitious crude oil particles is affected by the shear action of flow field, the yield characteristics and shear dilution of crude oil. In the central region with low shear rate, the shear stress acting on cementitious crude oil particles is difficult to overcome its yield value. It is difficult to deform; When the particles are close to the wall, the shear force is greater than the yield value. Under the influence of shear dilution, the viscosity decreases and the deformation increases rapidly, and the lower the temperature is, the greater the viscosity is, the smaller the deformation degree is. The interfacial tension prevents the deformation of particles, the smaller the interfacial tension is, the greater the deformation degree of particles is, and the smaller the particle size of cementitious crude oil is, the smaller the deformation degree is. Finally, the influence of dimensionless number We on deformation is analyzed. The greater the We, the more obvious the inertia force relative to the interfacial tension effect, and the greater the deformation degree of particles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE81

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