【摘要】：以低滲透油氣藏為代表的復(fù)雜油氣藏,已變?yōu)槲覈吞烊粴赓Y源的重要組成部分。但低滲透油氣藏在低孔隙度、低滲透率、高吸附等因素的影響下,使得常見的數(shù)值模擬方法難以體現(xiàn)低滲透微納孔隙中的微尺度效應(yīng)。上世界90年代發(fā)展起來的格子玻爾茲曼方法,是以統(tǒng)計力學(xué)和分子運(yùn)動理論為基礎(chǔ),從微尺度出發(fā),反映微觀過程的物理本質(zhì),并使其宏觀統(tǒng)計特性遵循客觀守恒方程,既可考慮流體粒子間的相互作用,又可以考慮流體與孔隙壁間的相互作用,且因其算法簡單,計算效率高,并行性好,能夠模擬復(fù)雜邊界條件等優(yōu)點而備受關(guān)注,已在眾多領(lǐng)域取得了成功應(yīng)用。本文利用格子Boltzmann方法結(jié)合微納滲流機(jī)理,研究了流體在微納孔隙中的滲流規(guī)律和孔隙形狀、尺度、壓力等因素對流體流動的影響;同時也研究了流體在微納尺度孔隙中的分布規(guī)律,獲得主要的研究結(jié)論如下:(1)通過在模型中引入努森數(shù),研究了不同滑移邊界格式所適用的流動區(qū)域,對比分析了不同流區(qū)所適用的邊界處理方法。重點對流場中的速度分布、不同流區(qū)的速度變化趨勢以及邊界處的滑移速度進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的分析與討論。經(jīng)過分析,認(rèn)為在連續(xù)介質(zhì)流區(qū)域內(nèi),努森數(shù)的值對邊界速度影響不大;在滑移流區(qū)域內(nèi),隨著努森數(shù)的不斷增大,無量綱速度剖面的變化逐漸平滑,邊界處速度不斷增大,中心線處速度緩慢減小;在過渡流區(qū)域內(nèi)隨著努森數(shù)的不斷增大,無量綱速度剖面值逐漸增大。(2)討論不同流體粘度、不同孔喉比、孔隙形狀以及多孔隙情況對流體滲流的影響。重點研究了在各因素下沿流道方向上的中心線處速度分布變化以及壓力分布變化,以及特殊孔隙條件下的流場速度分布和流線變化趨勢,初步揭示了流體在特殊孔徑下的分布規(guī)律。(3)研究了在多孔介質(zhì)中,流場速度分布和不同因素對滲透率的影響,得到了努森數(shù)對滲透率的變化規(guī)律以及孔隙度對流場的變化規(guī)律:當(dāng)孔隙尺度減小時,障礙物附近處流體的速度出現(xiàn)0值,基本處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。流體速度隨著努森數(shù)的增大而減小,對努森數(shù)與孔隙度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了擬合,關(guān)系式為K=aKn+b,參數(shù)a和b隨著孔隙度的減小而減小。
[Abstract]:The complex oil and gas reservoirs represented by low permeability reservoirs have become an important part of China's oil and gas resources. However, under the influence of such factors as low porosity, low permeability and high adsorption, the common numerical simulation methods are difficult to reflect the micro-scale effect in low permeability micro-/ nano-pores. The lattice Boltzmann method developed in the 1990s in the world is based on statistical mechanics and molecular motion theory. It reflects the physical essence of micro-process from the micro-scale, and makes its macro-statistical characteristics follow objective conservation equation. Not only the interaction between fluid particles but also the interaction between fluid and pore wall can be considered. Because of its simple algorithm, high computational efficiency, good parallelism and the ability to simulate complex boundary conditions, it has attracted much attention. It has been successfully applied in many fields. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method combined with the mechanism of micro / nano seepage is used to study the influence of fluid flow law, pore shape, scale, pressure and other factors on fluid flow in micro / nano pores. At the same time, the distribution of fluid in micro-/ nano-scale pores is also studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) by introducing the Nussen number into the model, the suitable flow regions for different slip boundary schemes are studied. The boundary treatment methods for different flow regions are compared and analyzed. The velocity distribution in the flow field, the trend of velocity variation in different flow regions and the slip velocity at the boundary are analyzed and discussed in detail. Through the analysis, it is considered that the value of Nussen number has little effect on the boundary velocity in the region of continuous medium flow. In the slip flow region, with the increasing of the Nussen number, the dimensionless velocity profile changes smoothly gradually, the velocity at the boundary increases and the velocity at the center line decreases slowly. Along with the increasing of the Nussen number, the dimensionless velocity profile increases gradually in the transitional flow region. (2) the effects of different fluid viscosity, different pore-throat ratio, pore shape and porous state on fluid seepage are discussed. The variation of velocity distribution and pressure distribution at the center line along the channel direction under various factors, as well as the velocity distribution and streamline variation trend of the flow field under the special pore conditions are studied with emphasis on the change of velocity distribution and pressure distribution along the central line under various factors. The distribution of fluid in special pore size is preliminarily revealed. (3) the influence of velocity distribution and different factors on permeability in porous media is studied. The variation rule of Nussen number to permeability and porosity to flow field are obtained: when pore size decreases, the velocity of fluid near obstacle appears zero value, and it is basically in static state. The fluid velocity decreases with the increase of the Nussen number, and the relationship between the Nussen number and porosity is fitted. The relation is K=aKn b, and the parameters a and b decrease with the decrease of porosity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312

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