深水鉆井氣侵期間井筒多相流流動規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-25 21:28
【摘要】：隨著國家對能源需求的增加及陸上和海洋淺水區(qū)油氣資源發(fā)現(xiàn)難度的增大,深水海域油氣勘探與開發(fā)必將成為我國油氣資源勘探開發(fā)的重要領(lǐng)域。受水深和復(fù)雜的海洋環(huán)境的影響,深水鉆井面臨的主要風(fēng)險是井控風(fēng)險。海上油田一旦出現(xiàn)井噴失控事故,將會給平臺工作人員及海洋環(huán)境帶來不可彌補的損害。為保證深水鉆井安全,必須對深水鉆井氣侵期間井筒多相流流動規(guī)律進行研究。本文以傳熱學(xué)和熱力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),推導(dǎo)了深水鉆井過程循環(huán)溫度場預(yù)測模型,計算了深水井筒循環(huán)溫度場隨井深和時間的變化關(guān)系：基于氣體在水基鉆井液和油基鉆井液中的溶解度計算模型,計算了不同溫度、壓力下氣體在鉆井液中的溶解度變化；基于質(zhì)量守恒、動量守恒原理建立了考慮氣體在鉆井液中溶解度的連續(xù)性方程、動量方程,結(jié)合輔助方程、初始條件、邊界條件,建立了井筒多相流控制方程組；采用有限差分的數(shù)學(xué)方法,追蹤多相流前沿,對控制方程組進行求解；模擬并對比了深水鉆井氣侵期間油基鉆井液和水基礎(chǔ)鉆井液氣體溶解度、氣相體積分數(shù)、混相速度、泥漿池增量、返出排量、井底壓力等參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律；模擬了深水油基鉆井液氣侵期間不同鉆井液排量、氣侵速度、鉆井液油水比下井底壓力、泥漿池增量、返出排量等參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,評價了泥漿池增量監(jiān)測法、返出排量監(jiān)測法在油基鉆井液溢流監(jiān)測中的效果,并進行了井底壓力敏感性研究；對氣體未到達隔水管前的井下多點壓力隨時間的變化規(guī)律進行模擬,評價了基于隨鉆井下多點壓力實時測量的溢流監(jiān)測方法的效果；根據(jù)理論模型,編制了深水鉆井氣侵模擬軟件。模擬計算結(jié)果表明：深水油基鉆井液氣侵期過程既具備“隱蔽性”又具備“突發(fā)性”,在氣體未從油基鉆井液中析出之前,井底壓力、泥漿池增量、鉆井液返出排量變化不明顯,而當氣體開始從鉆井液中析出后,以上參數(shù)快速變化,而水基鉆井液氣侵之初便會有明顯變化；較小的排量和較低的油水比均有利于及早發(fā)現(xiàn)溢流,而當溢流發(fā)生后,可適當增大排量以盡快排出溢流的同時加強對井底壓力的控制；傳統(tǒng)的泥漿池增量監(jiān)測法、返出排量監(jiān)測法用于油基鉆井液監(jiān)測時具有明顯的滯后性,在使用時應(yīng)盡量降低溢流判定的標準；采用基于隨鉆井下多點壓力實時測量的溢流監(jiān)測方法能做到及時地發(fā)現(xiàn)溢流,但該方法依賴于精確的井筒壓力預(yù)測以及實時、高精度的壓力測量。本文所建立的井筒多相流模型可用于預(yù)測深水油基鉆井液、水基鉆井液氣侵期間的井筒多相流流動規(guī)律,為井筒壓力控制和溢流監(jiān)測方法及標準的選擇提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy and the difficulty of discovering oil and gas resources in land and offshore shallow water areas, oil and gas exploration and development in deepwater waters will certainly become an important field of exploration and development of oil and gas resources in China. Under the influence of water depth and complicated marine environment, the main risk of deepwater drilling is well control risk. Once a blowout out-of-control accident occurs in offshore oil field, it will bring irreparable damage to platform staff and marine environment. In order to ensure the safety of deep-water drilling, it is necessary to study the law of multiphase flow in the wellbore during the gas invasion of deep-water drilling. Based on the theory of heat transfer and thermodynamics, the prediction model of circulation temperature field in deep water drilling process is derived in this paper. Based on the calculation model of gas solubility in water-based drilling fluid and oil-based drilling fluid, the change of gas solubility in drilling fluid at different temperatures and pressures was calculated. Based on the principle of conservation of mass and momentum, the equations of continuity and momentum considering the solubility of gas in drilling fluid are established. Combined with auxiliary equation, initial condition and boundary condition, the control equations of multiphase flow in wellbore are established. The mathematical method of finite difference is used to track the front of multiphase flow and solve the governing equations. The gas solubility of oil-based drilling fluid and water-based drilling fluid, gas phase volume fraction, miscibility velocity, slurry pool increment, backflow rate and bottom hole pressure were simulated and compared during gas invasion in deepwater drilling. The variation rule of drilling fluid discharge, gas invasion velocity, drilling fluid oil / water ratio bottom hole pressure, slurry pool increment and return discharge during deep-water oil-based drilling fluid gas invasion was simulated, and the monitoring method of slurry pool increment was evaluated. The effect of back-out displacement monitoring method in oil-based drilling fluid overflow monitoring is studied, and the pressure sensitivity of bottom hole is studied. The variation of downhole multi-point pressure with time is simulated before gas reaches the riser, and the effect of overflow monitoring method based on real-time measurement of multi-point pressure while drilling is evaluated. According to the theoretical model, the simulation software of deep water drilling gas invasion is developed. The simulation results show that the penetration period of deep-water oil-based drilling fluid has both "concealment" and "sudden occurrence", and the bottom hole pressure and slurry pool increment before the gas precipitates from the oil-based drilling fluid. When the gas begins to release from the drilling fluid, the above parameters will change rapidly, while the water-based drilling fluid will change obviously at the beginning of the gas invasion, while the water-based drilling fluid will change obviously at the beginning of the gas invasion of the water-based drilling fluid. Smaller discharge and lower oil-water ratio are beneficial to early detection of overflow, and when overflow occurs, the discharge can be properly increased to discharge overflow as soon as possible, while strengthening the control of bottom hole pressure; The traditional mud pool increment monitoring method and the return discharge monitoring method have obvious lag when used in oil-based drilling fluid monitoring, and the criterion of overflow determination should be reduced as far as possible when used. The overflow monitoring method based on real-time measurement of multi-point pressure while drilling can detect overflow in time, but the method depends on accurate wellbore pressure prediction and real-time, high-precision pressure measurement. The wellbore multiphase flow model established in this paper can be used to predict the wellbore multiphase flow law during gas invasion of deep-water oil-based drilling fluid and water-based drilling fluid, which provides a theoretical basis for wellbore pressure control and selection of overflow monitoring methods and standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE24
本文編號：2447332
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy and the difficulty of discovering oil and gas resources in land and offshore shallow water areas, oil and gas exploration and development in deepwater waters will certainly become an important field of exploration and development of oil and gas resources in China. Under the influence of water depth and complicated marine environment, the main risk of deepwater drilling is well control risk. Once a blowout out-of-control accident occurs in offshore oil field, it will bring irreparable damage to platform staff and marine environment. In order to ensure the safety of deep-water drilling, it is necessary to study the law of multiphase flow in the wellbore during the gas invasion of deep-water drilling. Based on the theory of heat transfer and thermodynamics, the prediction model of circulation temperature field in deep water drilling process is derived in this paper. Based on the calculation model of gas solubility in water-based drilling fluid and oil-based drilling fluid, the change of gas solubility in drilling fluid at different temperatures and pressures was calculated. Based on the principle of conservation of mass and momentum, the equations of continuity and momentum considering the solubility of gas in drilling fluid are established. Combined with auxiliary equation, initial condition and boundary condition, the control equations of multiphase flow in wellbore are established. The mathematical method of finite difference is used to track the front of multiphase flow and solve the governing equations. The gas solubility of oil-based drilling fluid and water-based drilling fluid, gas phase volume fraction, miscibility velocity, slurry pool increment, backflow rate and bottom hole pressure were simulated and compared during gas invasion in deepwater drilling. The variation rule of drilling fluid discharge, gas invasion velocity, drilling fluid oil / water ratio bottom hole pressure, slurry pool increment and return discharge during deep-water oil-based drilling fluid gas invasion was simulated, and the monitoring method of slurry pool increment was evaluated. The effect of back-out displacement monitoring method in oil-based drilling fluid overflow monitoring is studied, and the pressure sensitivity of bottom hole is studied. The variation of downhole multi-point pressure with time is simulated before gas reaches the riser, and the effect of overflow monitoring method based on real-time measurement of multi-point pressure while drilling is evaluated. According to the theoretical model, the simulation software of deep water drilling gas invasion is developed. The simulation results show that the penetration period of deep-water oil-based drilling fluid has both "concealment" and "sudden occurrence", and the bottom hole pressure and slurry pool increment before the gas precipitates from the oil-based drilling fluid. When the gas begins to release from the drilling fluid, the above parameters will change rapidly, while the water-based drilling fluid will change obviously at the beginning of the gas invasion, while the water-based drilling fluid will change obviously at the beginning of the gas invasion of the water-based drilling fluid. Smaller discharge and lower oil-water ratio are beneficial to early detection of overflow, and when overflow occurs, the discharge can be properly increased to discharge overflow as soon as possible, while strengthening the control of bottom hole pressure; The traditional mud pool increment monitoring method and the return discharge monitoring method have obvious lag when used in oil-based drilling fluid monitoring, and the criterion of overflow determination should be reduced as far as possible when used. The overflow monitoring method based on real-time measurement of multi-point pressure while drilling can detect overflow in time, but the method depends on accurate wellbore pressure prediction and real-time, high-precision pressure measurement. The wellbore multiphase flow model established in this paper can be used to predict the wellbore multiphase flow law during gas invasion of deep-water oil-based drilling fluid and water-based drilling fluid, which provides a theoretical basis for wellbore pressure control and selection of overflow monitoring methods and standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE24
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