【摘要】：管道運(yùn)輸作為五大主要運(yùn)輸方式之一,以安全可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的特點(diǎn)在油氣運(yùn)輸中被廣泛應(yīng)用,正在發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。然而由于材料和人為等因素,管道極有可能會(huì)發(fā)生泄漏,造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,嚴(yán)重影響輸油氣正常生產(chǎn)秩序。因此,為了能夠及時(shí)檢測(cè)和預(yù)警管道發(fā)生泄漏,并進(jìn)行定位,本文在現(xiàn)有檢測(cè)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)氣液兩相流管道泄漏檢測(cè)和定位進(jìn)行了研究、開發(fā)了一套用于泄漏檢測(cè)和定位的軟件系統(tǒng),并進(jìn)行了模擬分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)基于序貫概率比法的管道泄漏檢測(cè)理論,提出了泄漏判斷參數(shù)及門限值。在現(xiàn)有的以質(zhì)量平衡為基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)用序貫概率比法進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,推廣到以壓力平衡為基礎(chǔ)運(yùn)用序貫概率比法進(jìn)行靜態(tài)檢測(cè)方法。(2)在現(xiàn)有的壓力梯度法管道泄漏定位理論上。總結(jié)了單相流情況下壓力梯度及泄漏位置計(jì)算方法,對(duì)氣液兩相流的情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述,給出了三種計(jì)算模型(Xiao-Shoham-Brill、Beggs-Brill和Oliemans),介紹了各模型下流態(tài)的判別依據(jù)、每種流態(tài)的壓力梯度計(jì)算方法。(3)基于泄漏檢測(cè)和定位的原理,編寫了泄漏檢測(cè)軟件,該軟件可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控管道的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和操作狀態(tài),對(duì)已采集的各類數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,將實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)與計(jì)算結(jié)果以可視化的圖形表示出來,當(dāng)發(fā)生泄漏時(shí),可以及時(shí)報(bào)警并估算泄漏量及泄漏百分比,對(duì)于泄漏位置也可以進(jìn)行定位。能夠自定義管內(nèi)流體的組分及性質(zhì)參數(shù)、管道的布置情況和環(huán)境情況、選用三種模型進(jìn)行計(jì)算也是軟件的一大特點(diǎn)。(4)通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)理論的適用性和軟件的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證的過程。對(duì)于定位部分,還分析比較了三個(gè)計(jì)算模型的特點(diǎn)的適用性,最后通過與其他軟件的對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了在更長(zhǎng)距離情況下定位的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:As one of the five major modes of transportation, pipeline transportation has been widely used in oil and gas transportation because of its safe, reliable, economical and practical characteristics, and it is playing a more and more important role. However, due to materials and man-made factors, pipeline leakage is very likely to occur, resulting in huge economic losses, seriously affecting the normal production order of oil and gas transmission. Therefore, in order to detect and early-warn pipeline leakage in time and locate it, based on the existing detection methods, the leakage detection and location of gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline is studied in this paper, and the leakage detection and location of gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline is studied. A software system for leak detection and location is developed and simulated and verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the sequential probability ratio method, the leakage detection parameters and threshold values are proposed. On the basis of the existing dynamic detection based on mass balance, the sequential probability ratio method is used to carry out the dynamic detection. It is extended to the static detection method based on pressure balance using sequential probability ratio method. (2) based on the existing theory of pressure gradient method for pipeline leakage location. The calculation methods of pressure gradient and leakage position in the case of single phase flow are summarized. The gas liquid two phase flow is discussed in detail, and three calculation models (Xiao-Shoham-Brill,Beggs-Brill and Oliemans),) are given. Based on the principle of leak detection and location, a leak detection software is developed, which can monitor the operation state and operation state of the pipeline in real time, and the method of calculating the pressure gradient of each flow state is introduced in this paper. (3) based on the principle of leak detection and location, a leak detection software is compiled. After analyzing all kinds of data collected, the real-time data and calculation results are represented by visual graphics. When the leakage occurs, the leakage quantity and percentage can be estimated in time, and the leakage location can also be located. The ability to customize the composition and properties of the fluid in the tube, the layout of the pipe, and the environmental conditions, Choosing three models for calculation is also one of the characteristics of the software. (4) through a large number of experiments, the applicability of the theory and the accuracy of the software are verified. For the location part, the applicability of the three calculation models is analyzed and compared. Finally, the accuracy of the location in the case of longer distance is verified by comparing with other software.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE973.6

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本文編號(hào)：2433551