【摘要】：目前,各國致密氣藏儲層的采收率并不高,同一油田不同區(qū)塊的動用程度也不盡相同,開采過程中遇到的問題也不相同。非常規(guī)油氣藏和常規(guī)油氣藏的不同之處不僅僅在于儲層的滲透率小,還與儲層埋深、地層微觀孔喉結(jié)構(gòu)以及不同成巖作用這些因素有關(guān)。本文通過鑄體薄片、電鏡掃描以及壓汞實驗等方法,對蘇里格氣田盒8段砂巖巖樣的孔候結(jié)構(gòu)進行了宏觀和微觀相結(jié)合的分析。得到了儲層的砂巖類型、孔隙類型和孔隙組合類型。從國內(nèi)外的現(xiàn)有的體積壓裂的研究現(xiàn)狀可以看出,體積壓裂是現(xiàn)在最主要的非常規(guī)油氣藏提高采收率的手段。但我國的現(xiàn)在僅在蘇里格氣田和長慶油田進行了大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用。這說明,針對我國各個油田儲層特征的有效措施,還要一個長時間的探索過程,各種難題才可以得到解決。為了更加符合我國的情況,就要從最根本上入手,例如體積壓裂后的成縫機理和形成的裂縫形態(tài),這樣可以為產(chǎn)能模型的建立提供基礎(chǔ)。還應(yīng)研究體積壓裂時,水平井筒長度、段數(shù)、簇數(shù)、簇間距、裂縫導(dǎo)流能力等一系列參數(shù)對壓裂效果的影響,這樣為現(xiàn)場提供理論支持。現(xiàn)階段,主要的裂縫模擬方法為局部網(wǎng)格加密,這種方法作為一種簡便的模擬方法,在模擬多條裂縫上表現(xiàn)了優(yōu)勢。本文采用體積壓裂數(shù)值模擬主要方法為局部網(wǎng)格加密。在數(shù)模軟件中建立理想模型,對體積壓裂時,簇間距、簇數(shù)、段數(shù)以及裂縫半長進行優(yōu)選。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,假設(shè)了地層中的流體先通過裂縫壁面流入裂縫,再通過裂縫直接流入水平井筒。因此,建立了將水平井筒看成直線源,裂縫看成條帶源的,致密氣藏體積壓裂后非穩(wěn)態(tài)產(chǎn)能模型。根據(jù)優(yōu)選的方案,將數(shù)模得到的產(chǎn)量與建立的公式計算得到的產(chǎn)能進行對比,檢驗?zāi)Ｐ偷臏?zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:At present, the recovery factor of tight gas reservoir is not high, the production degree of different blocks in the same oil field is different, and the problems encountered in the process of exploitation are also different. The difference between unconventional reservoirs and conventional reservoirs lies not only in the low permeability of reservoirs, but also in the factors of reservoir depth, micro pore throat structure and different diagenesis. In this paper, the pore and phenological structure of 8 member sandstone samples in Sulige gas field are analyzed by means of casting thin slice, scanning electron microscope and mercury injection test. The sandstone type, pore type and pore combination type of reservoir are obtained. From the current research situation of volume fracturing at home and abroad, it can be seen that volume fracturing is the most important means to improve oil recovery in unconventional reservoirs. But now only in Sulige gas field and Changqing oil field in our country has carried on the large-scale application. This shows that it takes a long time to explore the effective measures for reservoir characteristics of various oilfields in China before various difficult problems can be solved. In order to be more in line with the situation in China, it is necessary to proceed from the most fundamental aspects, such as the fracture formation mechanism and fracture morphology after volume fracturing, which can provide the basis for the establishment of productivity model. The influence of a series of parameters, such as horizontal wellbore length, section number, cluster spacing and fracture conductivity, on the fracturing effect should also be studied, which provides theoretical support for the field. At present, the main method of crack simulation is local mesh encryption. As a simple simulation method, this method has the advantage of simulating multiple cracks. In this paper, the main method of volume fracturing numerical simulation is local mesh encryption. An ideal model is established in the numerical simulation software to optimize the cluster spacing, number of clusters, number of segments and half length of fracture during volume fracturing. On the basis of previous studies, it is assumed that the fluid in the formation first flows into the fracture through the fracture wall, and then flows directly into the horizontal wellbore through the fracture. Therefore, the unsteady productivity model of tight gas reservoir after volume fracturing is established, in which the horizontal wellbore is regarded as a straight line source and the fracture is regarded as a strip source. According to the optimal selection scheme, the output obtained by the mathematical model is compared with the productivity calculated by the established formula, and the veracity of the model is tested.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE377

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