【摘要】：為解決現(xiàn)有研究中在膠凝原油停輸再啟動(dòng)模型建立方面存在的問題,更好地指導(dǎo)工程實(shí)際,本文利用室內(nèi)管流實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置對膠凝原油停輸再啟動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,進(jìn)而依據(jù)相關(guān)理論編程模擬探究壓縮特性和啟動(dòng)波傳播特性。(1)蠕動(dòng)泵啟動(dòng)初期流量從零增長到額定值需要一定時(shí)間,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和編程模擬相結(jié)合的方法,求得蠕動(dòng)泵啟動(dòng)瞬時(shí)流量變化過程;研究發(fā)現(xiàn),啟動(dòng)頻率越大,達(dá)到額定流量時(shí)間越長,啟動(dòng)流量變化過程屬于蠕動(dòng)泵的一項(xiàng)機(jī)械性能,啟動(dòng)頻率相同,泵啟動(dòng)初期流量瞬變過程也相同;流量從零線性增加到額定值的假設(shè)與實(shí)際作用效果相同,計(jì)算結(jié)果可用于之后模擬研究中。(2)選用新型四參數(shù)雙曲觸變模型,提出了依據(jù)全局最優(yōu)化原理同時(shí)求解觸變模型中各參數(shù)值和啟動(dòng)屈服應(yīng)力的新方法;程序采用粒子群優(yōu)化算法來求解,收斂速度快;本觸變模式的求解方法克服了以往研究中的缺陷,可靠性較高,對后文的模擬研究有很大意義。(3)引入低壓當(dāng)量壓縮系數(shù)表征膠凝結(jié)構(gòu)壓縮性的大小,改進(jìn)建立了恒流量啟動(dòng)過程低壓當(dāng)量壓縮系數(shù)的計(jì)算模型;計(jì)算可知在一定范圍內(nèi)溫度越低、停輸時(shí)間越長、預(yù)剪切速率越低、靜態(tài)降溫幅度越大,會(huì)使低壓當(dāng)量壓縮系數(shù)越大;應(yīng)用LS-SVM回歸方法,建立起一種新的膠凝原油低壓當(dāng)量壓縮系數(shù)預(yù)測模型,與多元回歸算法建立的模型相比,該模型回歸和預(yù)測精度較高,可進(jìn)行工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用。(4)提出一種求解啟動(dòng)波速的計(jì)算方法,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,啟動(dòng)波速隨著啟動(dòng)時(shí)間的延續(xù)先快速增大,后逐漸減小,其初期快速上升過程是由泵啟動(dòng)初期流量瞬變過程造成的;啟動(dòng)波速遠(yuǎn)小于聲速和瞬變壓力波速,與膠凝原油結(jié)構(gòu)特性和啟動(dòng)條件密切相關(guān);以低壓當(dāng)量壓縮系數(shù)、啟動(dòng)流量和啟動(dòng)時(shí)間為自變量,回歸樣本數(shù)據(jù)得出啟動(dòng)波速求解公式,該公式擬合效果較好,有一定的參考價(jià)值,但缺乏理論基礎(chǔ),后續(xù)研究可對公式進(jìn)一步的修正。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems existing in the existing research in establishing the model of stopping and restarting of cementitious crude oil, and to guide the engineering practice better, this paper has carried out an experimental study on the process of stopping and restarting of cementitious crude oil by using an indoor pipe flow experimental device. Then according to the relevant theoretical programming simulation to explore the compression characteristics and start wave propagation characteristics. (1) it takes a certain time to increase the initial flow rate from zero to rating of the peristaltic pump. The method of combining experimental research and programming simulation is adopted. The transient flow change process of creep pump is obtained. It is found that the higher the starting frequency, the longer the rated flow time, the process of starting flow is a mechanical property of peristaltic pump, the starting frequency is the same, and the transient process of initial flow is the same. The assumption that the flow rate increases from zero linear to rated is the same as the actual effect. The calculated results can be used in the subsequent simulation study. (2) A new four-parameter hyperbolic thixotropic model is selected. A new method based on the principle of global optimization is proposed to solve the parameters and initial yield stress of the thixotropic model simultaneously. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the program. This thixotropic model overcomes the shortcomings of previous studies and has high reliability, which is of great significance to the simulation study later on. (3) introducing low pressure equivalent compression coefficient to characterize the size of the compressibility of cementitious structures. The calculation model of equivalent compression coefficient of low pressure in the process of constant flow start-up is improved. The calculation shows that the lower the temperature, the longer the stop time, the lower the preshear rate and the greater the static cooling range, the larger the equivalent compression coefficient of low pressure. By using LS-SVM regression method, a new prediction model of low pressure equivalent compression coefficient of cementitious crude oil is established. Compared with the model established by multivariate regression algorithm, this model has higher precision of regression and prediction. It can be used in engineering practice. (4) A method for calculating the starting wave velocity is proposed. The results show that the starting wave velocity increases rapidly with the extension of startup time, and then decreases gradually. The initial rapid rising process is caused by the transient process of the initial flow rate of the pump. The start-up wave velocity is much smaller than the sound velocity and the transient pressure wave velocity, which is closely related to the structural characteristics and start-up conditions of the cementitious crude oil. With low-pressure equivalent compression coefficient, starting flow rate and start-up time as independent variables, regression sample data are used to obtain the formula of starting wave velocity. The formula has good fitting effect and has certain reference value, but it lacks theoretical foundation. The formula can be further modified by further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE832.31

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