【摘要】：本論文中,依據(jù)原油破乳脫水的方法和機理,對煤焦油的破乳脫水性能進行了探究,深入了解了加入不同破乳劑對煤焦油破乳脫水的作用情況,進一步研究了含氟破乳劑的界面吸附機理以及擴張流變等過程。論文中的第一部分,以非離子表面活性劑Span/Tween為破乳劑,研究了破乳劑HLB值、濃度對含水煤焦油體系脫水性能的影響規(guī)律。此外,還研究了含氟超支化聚合物在含水煤焦油體系中的破乳性能。本實驗首先測定了煤焦油-水體系中不加任何破乳劑時的分水情況,與加入Span/Tween破乳劑的煤焦油-水體系進行對比。加入破乳劑后,降低了界面膜的粘彈性,使得液滴聚集,明顯可以加快煤焦油破乳脫水的時間,最終油水分離。此外,不同濃度的同一種破乳劑對煤焦油破乳脫水情況產(chǎn)生不同的影響；同一濃度時,不同HLB值的破乳劑對煤焦油破乳脫水的影響也不盡相同。破乳劑的HLB值越接近最佳HLB值時,煤焦油的破乳脫水效果越好；反之,則煤焦油的破乳脫水效果較差。以含氟的表面活性劑作為破乳劑也可以提高煤焦油的破乳效果,本論文中測定了具有不同長度含氟鏈段的表面活性劑對煤焦油破乳脫水性能的影響,最后得出了鏈段長度與煤焦油破乳脫水性能的關(guān)系。論文中的第二部分,主要研究了含氟超支化聚醚的界面行為和破乳機理。本實驗主要對三種含氟表面活性劑在氯仿-水體系中的界面吸附機理、聚集行為、擴張流變等特性進行了研究,探討了分子結(jié)構(gòu)、鏈段長度等與界面張力之間的關(guān)系。首先,分別測定了不同濃度的三種含氟表面活性劑的動態(tài)界面張力隨時間的變化關(guān)系；其次,分別測定了每種含氟表面活性劑達到排布平衡時的界面張力隨濃度的關(guān)系,研究了含氟表面活性劑的界面吸附機理并得到了一系列相關(guān)參數(shù)。動態(tài)光散射結(jié)果顯示了該表面活性劑在溶液中主要以單分子膠束的形式存在。此外,在一定的頻率范圍內(nèi),對三種含氟表面活性劑的模量隨濃度的變化情況進行測定,進一步研究含氟表面活性劑的界面性能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, according to the method and mechanism of crude oil demulsification and dehydration, the demulsification and dehydration performance of coal tar was studied, and the effect of adding different demulsifiers on coal tar demulsification and dehydration was deeply understood. The interfacial adsorption mechanism of fluorine-containing demulsifiers and the process of dilation and rheology were further studied. In the first part of the thesis, the influence of HLB value and concentration of demulsifier on the dehydration performance of water-containing coal tar system was studied with Nonionic surfactant Span/Tween as demulsifier. In addition, the demulsification properties of fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymers in aqueous coal tar systems were studied. The water partition of coal tar water system without any demulsifier was first determined and compared with that of coal tar water system with Span/Tween demulsifier. The addition of demulsifier reduces the viscoelasticity of the interfacial film and makes the droplets gather, which can obviously accelerate the time of demulsification and dehydration of coal tar, and finally separate the oil and water. In addition, different concentrations of the same demulsifier have different effects on the demulsification and dehydration of coal tar, and at the same concentration, the demulsifiers with different HLB values have different effects on the demulsification and dehydration of coal tar. When the HLB value of demulsifier is close to the optimum HLB value, the demulsification and dehydration effect of coal tar is better, whereas the demulsification dehydration effect of coal tar is poor. Using fluorine-containing surfactant as demulsifier can also improve the demulsifying effect of coal tar. In this paper, the effect of surfactant with different length of fluorine chain on the demulsification and dehydration performance of coal tar was measured. Finally, the relationship between chain length and coal tar demulsification and dehydration performance is obtained. In the second part, the interface behavior and demulsification mechanism of fluorinated hyperbranched polyether were studied. In this experiment, the interfacial adsorption mechanism, aggregation behavior and expansion rheology of three fluorinated surfactants in chloroform-water system were studied, and the relationship between interfacial tension and molecular structure, length of chain, etc. Firstly, the dynamic interfacial tension of three kinds of fluorine-containing surfactants with different concentrations was measured. Secondly, the relationship between the interfacial tension and the concentration of each fluorine-containing surfactant was measured, and the adsorption mechanism of the fluorine-containing surfactant was studied and a series of related parameters were obtained. The dynamic light scattering results show that the surfactant mainly exists in the form of monomolecular micelles in the solution. In addition, in a certain frequency range, the moduli of three fluorinated surfactants were determined with the change of concentration, and the interfacial properties of fluorinated surfactants were further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE39

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本文編號：2417209