【摘要】：如何提高產(chǎn)油量已成為各油田研究的重點(diǎn),其中水平井技術(shù)是一種重要的手段,水平井可以增加波及系數(shù),提高采油效率,降低綜合成本,現(xiàn)已被廣泛應(yīng)用水平井的開發(fā)也帶來了相關(guān)技術(shù)的升級,例如在水平井開發(fā)過程中出現(xiàn)水竄、水淹等問題,如何對水平井進(jìn)行堵水是目前亟待解決的難題。目前直井的堵水方法已經(jīng)很成熟,但是由于水平井結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,采用直井的堵水方法,效果很差,急需針對水平井的實(shí)際情況,進(jìn)行技術(shù)攻關(guān)。水平井堵水技術(shù)的進(jìn)步可以提高水平井的產(chǎn)能,降低油田開發(fā)的綜合成本,提高油田的效益,為今后水平井的設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)、管理提供很好的技術(shù)手段。水平井完井分為：裸眼完井、篩管完井和射孔完井。在水平井的開發(fā)過程中,出水有：底水錐進(jìn)和裂縫突進(jìn)。目前油田水平井堵水的主要方法有：化學(xué)劑籠統(tǒng)注入的方式、機(jī)械堵水的方式和環(huán)空化學(xué)封隔(ACP)的方式機(jī)械管柱法堵水的實(shí)施及適用范圍具還是具有局限性的,對于采用篩管完井的水平井,這種堵水方法就不能實(shí)現(xiàn)水平井段篩管與井壁之間環(huán)空的分隔與封堵,層內(nèi)出水變?yōu)闄M向流動沿著割縫流入井筒�；瘜W(xué)劑籠統(tǒng)注入技術(shù)也具有一定程度上的局限性,在用化學(xué)劑籠統(tǒng)注入法進(jìn)行堵水的過程中,因?yàn)闆]有進(jìn)行分隔,堵劑一旦進(jìn)入產(chǎn)層,那么就可能會對產(chǎn)層造成極大的傷害。如果找準(zhǔn)了出水層位,那么可以采用水平井環(huán)空化學(xué)分隔(ACP)法。該技術(shù)既可以很好地封堵水平層段的出水,又能夠克服化學(xué)劑籠統(tǒng)注入法的局限性及風(fēng)險性,既有效的封堵了出水層位,又防止了引起產(chǎn)能的傷害,很大程度上提高了井下堵水作業(yè)的效果,是國內(nèi)外研究應(yīng)用的最主要的堵水技術(shù),國內(nèi)對于環(huán)空化學(xué)封隔技術(shù)的開發(fā)與研究目前正處于起步階段上世紀(jì)末,化學(xué)封隔定位堵水技術(shù)被運(yùn)用于尼日利亞,沙特阿拉伯等國的油田,驗(yàn)證了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的可操作性,同時也取得了一定的效果,由此而揭開了水平井堵水的新篇章。國內(nèi)目前該項(xiàng)技術(shù)仍處于研究階段,尤其是堵水材料的研發(fā)是該項(xiàng)技術(shù)的重點(diǎn)。在各種堵水材料中,聚合物凝膠的強(qiáng)度一般,同時觸變性能不好,容易受到重力的作用而導(dǎo)致材料在水平井高部環(huán)空密封不嚴(yán)；觸變性水泥在安全性方面存在缺陷,同時易污染油氣層,各種常見的水平井堵劑很難滿足ACP技術(shù)對材料的性能要求,合成性能好的材料是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。本文研究了有機(jī)類的水平井環(huán)空化學(xué)封隔定位堵水劑的合成及性能評價。首先,對合成水平井環(huán)空化學(xué)封隔定位堵水劑所需的骨架材料、單體、觸變劑、交聯(lián)劑、引發(fā)劑等進(jìn)行了篩選,得出了骨架材料是淀粉,接枝單體是丙烯酸,觸變劑是三乙醇胺鈦,交聯(lián)劑是甲撐雙丙烯酰胺,過氧化氫或過硫酸銨或亞硫酸氫鈉-過硫酸銨為引發(fā)劑通過接枝共聚反應(yīng)來合成水平井環(huán)空化學(xué)封隔定位堵水劑同時對反應(yīng)的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討,其反應(yīng)可分為自由基生成,鏈引發(fā),鏈增長,鏈終止等過程,產(chǎn)物中除了含有丙烯酸與淀粉的接枝共聚物,還有丙烯酸的自聚物。其次,系統(tǒng)研究了影響反應(yīng)的各個因素,如合成時間等,通過考察反應(yīng)過程中反應(yīng)體系的粘度、成膠時間、產(chǎn)物的持壓強(qiáng)度等性能進(jìn)行研究,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的結(jié)論是：當(dāng)反應(yīng)時間為12h、反應(yīng)溫度為70℃、引發(fā)劑濃度為0.05%、反應(yīng)物占比為40%、觸變劑為0.1%、交聯(lián)劑為0.1%、丙烯酸/淀粉為1、丙烯酸中和度為70%時,反應(yīng)體系的黏稠度和成膠時間適中、產(chǎn)物持壓性能較好,為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證上述結(jié)論,通過正交實(shí)驗(yàn),選取了淀粉/丙烯酸質(zhì)量比、反應(yīng)物濃度、交聯(lián)劑甲撐雙丙烯酰胺濃度、丙烯酸中和度等4組因素,進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),得到了各因素對產(chǎn)物持壓性能影響的大小。最后,采用DV-Ⅲ粘度計(jì)和MR301流變儀對材料的剪切稀釋性、觸變性、溫度和剪切對觸變性的影響進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明ACP粘度與剪切速率成反比,溫度越高,ACP恢復(fù)網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的速度越大,恢復(fù)所需的時間越短,ACP的觸變性能越強(qiáng)；剪切速率越大,ACP恢復(fù)網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的速度越大,ACP的觸變性能越強(qiáng)。去除ACP中的均聚物,得到純接枝物,去除淀粉骨架得到接枝鏈,經(jīng)計(jì)算得出接枝效率為33.49%,接枝率為25.61%[48]。采用紅外光譜法對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了表征,證明了ACP材料的合成過程中的確發(fā)生了丙烯酸與淀粉的接枝共聚反應(yīng)。通過降解實(shí)驗(yàn)證明ACP材料在破膠劑或生物酶的作用下,能被有效降解。目前只是研究了中低溫(90℃)下ACP合成的因素以及配方,高溫下的影響因素和配方還有待進(jìn)一步的研究。
[Abstract]:How to improve the oil production has become the key of the field research, and the horizontal well technology is an important means. The horizontal well can increase the sweep coefficient, improve the oil recovery efficiency and reduce the comprehensive cost. For example, the problem of water channeling, flooding and so on in the development of horizontal well is a difficult problem to be solved urgently. At present, the water blocking method of the straight well is very mature, but due to the special structure of the horizontal well, the water blocking method of the straight well is adopted, the effect is poor, the actual situation of the horizontal well is urgently needed, and the technical problems are solved. The improvement of horizontal well water blocking technology can improve the productivity of horizontal well, reduce the comprehensive cost of oil field development and improve the benefit of the oil field, and provide a good technical means for the design, development and management of the horizontal well in the future. The well completion well is divided into the open hole completion well, the screen completion well and the well completion well. During the development of the horizontal well, the water outlet is: the bottom water cone inlet and the crack penetration. The main method of water blocking of horizontal well in oil field is as follows: the way of general injection of chemical agent, the way of mechanical water blocking and the way of ring space chemical seal (ACP), and the application and application range of the water blocking method are still limited, the water blocking method can not realize the separation and plugging of the ring space between the horizontal well section screen pipe and the well wall, and the water outlet in the layer is changed into transverse flow and flows into the well bore along the cutting seam. The general injection technique of the chemical agent also has some limitations, and in the process of plugging the water by the general injection method of the chemical agent, the blocking agent can cause great harm to the production layer once the separation is not performed and the plugging agent once enters the production layer. The horizontal well ring space chemical separation (ACP) method can be used if the water layer position is found. the technology not only can well seal the water outlet of the horizontal layer section, but also can overcome the limitation and the risk of the general injection method of the chemical agent, It is the most important water-blocking technology for domestic and foreign research and application, and the development and research of the technology of ring-space chemical sealing technology is in the end of the early stage, and the chemical-sealing and positioning water-blocking technology is used in the fields of Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and other countries. The operability of this technology is verified, and a certain effect is also obtained, and a new chapter of the water blocking of the horizontal well is opened. At present, the technology is still in the research stage, especially the research and development of water blocking materials is the key of the technology. In various water-blocking materials, the strength of the polymer gel is generally, the thixotropy can not be good, the material is easy to be subjected to the action of gravity, the material is not tightly sealed in the high-part ring of the horizontal well, the thixotropic cement has the defect of safety, and the oil-gas layer is easy to be polluted, Various common horizontal well plugging agents are difficult to meet the requirements of the ACP technology to the performance of the materials, and the material with good synthesis performance is an urgent matter. In this paper, the synthesis and performance evaluation of the water-blocking agent for the horizontal well of the horizontal well of the organic class are studied. Firstly, the skeleton material, the monomer, the thixotropic agent, the cross-linking agent, the initiator and the like required by the synthetic horizontal well ring space chemical sealing and blocking agent are screened, the framework material is starch, the graft monomer is acrylic acid, the thixotropic agent is triethanolamine titanium, The cross-linking agent is a catalyst for synthesizing a horizontal well ring and an empty chemical seal-blocking water-blocking agent through a graft copolymerization reaction, and the reaction can be divided into free radical generation, The process of chain initiation, chain growth, chain termination and the like, in addition to the graft copolymer containing acrylic acid and starch, and the self-poly of acrylic acid. Secondly, the factors affecting the reaction, such as the synthesis time and so on, were studied. The results of the experiments were as follows: when the reaction time was 12 h, the reaction temperature was 70 鈩，

本文編號：2413666