頁(yè)巖氣水力壓裂過(guò)程中壓裂液—甲烷—礦物反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-17 19:12
【摘要】：頁(yè)巖氣是一種環(huán)保、高效的能源,主要賦存于地殼深部的頁(yè)巖層中。水力壓裂是當(dāng)今開采頁(yè)巖氣的最主要的方法。水力壓裂所用的壓裂液含有各種成分,可能會(huì)對(duì)地下水含水層以及地下巖層造成污染。為了探究壓裂液與頁(yè)巖層的反應(yīng)機(jī)理,配制成分簡(jiǎn)單的壓裂液,挑選我國(guó)主要頁(yè)巖氣產(chǎn)區(qū)巖層中含量較高的礦物,使用甲烷氣體作為氣相,利用室內(nèi)高溫高壓反應(yīng)釜模擬單礦物以及混合礦物的反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn),并采用PHREEQC軟件進(jìn)行溫度、壓力、離子強(qiáng)度及離子類型等影響條件的模擬。得出的結(jié)論如下:在高溫高壓條件下,單礦物與壓裂液在甲烷條件下發(fā)生反應(yīng),甲烷并不參與礦物的反應(yīng);由于超臨界流體的性質(zhì),甲烷條件下的礦物溶解度比氮?dú)鈼l件下的礦物溶解程度要低大約10%。將幾種不同的礦物以一定的比例混合,在高溫高壓條件下與壓裂液在甲烷環(huán)境中發(fā)生反應(yīng)。方解石不僅發(fā)生在液相中的溶解反應(yīng),同時(shí)還與呈現(xiàn)酸性的壓裂液發(fā)生酸堿中和反應(yīng),溶解的量也要大于其他三種礦物。當(dāng)p H值由初始的酸性到接近中性后,方解石的溶解反應(yīng)開始變緩,方解石在體系中起到控制p H值的作用;蒙脫石的溶解程度較小,但其遇水之后吸水膨脹增大了接觸面積,當(dāng)?shù)V物的結(jié)構(gòu)變松散后,分子之間的作用力也會(huì)減弱,分子更容易被淋濾或者交換出來(lái),此時(shí)蒙脫石的溶解量會(huì)增大。高嶺石和石英的溶解程度較小,溶解貢獻(xiàn)的離子濃度都較低。根據(jù)PHREEQC軟件平衡模擬結(jié)果可知,甲烷的溶解程度約為1.1 mmol/L左右,而系統(tǒng)的p H值在穩(wěn)定后會(huì)在9 10之間。溫度和Na Cl濃度等因素的變化會(huì)影響四種礦物的溶解,溫度越高,礦物溶解變化量越大;在一定范圍內(nèi),Na Cl濃度越高,礦物溶解變化量越大。甲烷的壓力對(duì)礦物的溶解變化影響很小;而在不同的水型中,由于同離子效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致礦物的溶解也有所差異。
[Abstract]:Shale gas is an environmental-friendly and efficient energy source, which mainly exists in the deep crust of shale. Hydraulic fracturing is the most important method to exploit shale gas. Fracturing fluid used in hydraulic fracturing contains various components, which may pollute groundwater aquifers and rock formations. In order to explore the reaction mechanism between fracturing fluid and shale formation, the fracturing fluid with simple composition was prepared, and the minerals with high content in rock strata in the main shale gas producing areas in China were selected, and methane gas was used as gas phase. The reaction experiments of single mineral and mixed mineral were simulated by high temperature and high pressure reactor in laboratory, and the influence conditions such as temperature, pressure, ionic strength and ion type were simulated by PHREEQC software. The conclusions are as follows: under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, the single mineral reacts with the fracturing fluid under the condition of methane, and methane does not participate in the reaction of minerals; Because of the properties of supercritical fluid, the solubility of minerals in methane is about 10. 0% lower than that in nitrogen. Several different minerals were mixed in a certain proportion and reacted with fracturing fluid in methane environment under high temperature and high pressure. Calcite not only dissolves in liquid phase, but also neutralizes acid and base with acid fracturing fluid. The amount of dissolution of calcite is larger than that of other three minerals. When pH value changes from initial acidity to neuter, the dissolution of calcite begins to slow down, and calcite plays a role in controlling pH value in the system. The dissolution of montmorillonite is relatively small, but the water swelling increases the contact area after it meets water. When the mineral structure becomes loose, the interaction between molecules will weaken, and the molecules will be more easily leached or exchanged out. At this time, the dissolution of montmorillonite will increase. The dissolution degree of kaolinite and quartz is smaller and the ion concentration of dissolution contribution is lower. According to the results of PHREEQC software equilibrium simulation, the solubility of methane is about 1.1 mmol/L, and the pH value of the system is between 9 and 10 after stabilization. The changes of temperature and Na Cl concentration will affect the dissolution of the four minerals. The higher the temperature, the greater the change of mineral dissolution, and the higher the concentration of, Na Cl in a certain range, the greater the change of mineral dissolution. The pressure of methane has little effect on the dissolution of minerals, but in different water types, the dissolution of minerals is also different due to the production of the same ion effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE377
本文編號(hào)：2410289
[Abstract]:Shale gas is an environmental-friendly and efficient energy source, which mainly exists in the deep crust of shale. Hydraulic fracturing is the most important method to exploit shale gas. Fracturing fluid used in hydraulic fracturing contains various components, which may pollute groundwater aquifers and rock formations. In order to explore the reaction mechanism between fracturing fluid and shale formation, the fracturing fluid with simple composition was prepared, and the minerals with high content in rock strata in the main shale gas producing areas in China were selected, and methane gas was used as gas phase. The reaction experiments of single mineral and mixed mineral were simulated by high temperature and high pressure reactor in laboratory, and the influence conditions such as temperature, pressure, ionic strength and ion type were simulated by PHREEQC software. The conclusions are as follows: under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, the single mineral reacts with the fracturing fluid under the condition of methane, and methane does not participate in the reaction of minerals; Because of the properties of supercritical fluid, the solubility of minerals in methane is about 10. 0% lower than that in nitrogen. Several different minerals were mixed in a certain proportion and reacted with fracturing fluid in methane environment under high temperature and high pressure. Calcite not only dissolves in liquid phase, but also neutralizes acid and base with acid fracturing fluid. The amount of dissolution of calcite is larger than that of other three minerals. When pH value changes from initial acidity to neuter, the dissolution of calcite begins to slow down, and calcite plays a role in controlling pH value in the system. The dissolution of montmorillonite is relatively small, but the water swelling increases the contact area after it meets water. When the mineral structure becomes loose, the interaction between molecules will weaken, and the molecules will be more easily leached or exchanged out. At this time, the dissolution of montmorillonite will increase. The dissolution degree of kaolinite and quartz is smaller and the ion concentration of dissolution contribution is lower. According to the results of PHREEQC software equilibrium simulation, the solubility of methane is about 1.1 mmol/L, and the pH value of the system is between 9 and 10 after stabilization. The changes of temperature and Na Cl concentration will affect the dissolution of the four minerals. The higher the temperature, the greater the change of mineral dissolution, and the higher the concentration of, Na Cl in a certain range, the greater the change of mineral dissolution. The pressure of methane has little effect on the dissolution of minerals, but in different water types, the dissolution of minerals is also different due to the production of the same ion effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE377
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 聶海寬;張金川;;頁(yè)巖氣聚集條件及含氣量計(jì)算——以四川盆地及其周緣下古生界為例[J];地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);2012年02期
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