【摘要】：在頁(yè)巖氣水平井鉆井過(guò)程中,井壁失穩(wěn)一直是困擾石油鉆井的難題。一般頁(yè)巖的水敏性影響并不突出,如何通過(guò)鉆井液技術(shù)封堵頁(yè)巖微細(xì)、微納米孔縫,防止鉆井液或者濾液進(jìn)入地層,降低因水化或毛細(xì)管力對(duì)頁(yè)巖地層造成的影響,防止頁(yè)巖井壁坍塌從根本上解決頁(yè)巖鉆井中的井壁穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題。因此,有效的封堵便成了目前頁(yè)巖水基鉆井液研究的難點(diǎn),也是本文研究的主要內(nèi)容。 在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外封堵技術(shù)及頁(yè)巖地層井壁穩(wěn)定鉆井液技術(shù)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,本論文開(kāi)展了頁(yè)巖封堵效果評(píng)價(jià)方法及封堵劑的優(yōu)選研究。以理想填充與緊密堆積為理論基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)研究黏土含量、重晶石含量、粒徑搭配、分散劑、結(jié)構(gòu)型聚合物、溫度及滾動(dòng)條件等因素對(duì)泥餅滲透率的影響,制備出滲透率為4.78×104mD的評(píng)價(jià)泥餅；建立起了模擬頁(yè)巖(超低滲透率10-3～10-4mD)納微米孔縫封堵評(píng)價(jià)方法,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)篩選封堵劑,并分析了封堵作用機(jī)理。鉆井液體系加入優(yōu)選出的納微米級(jí)封堵劑(YFD-1)后,降低泥餅滲透率的程度(封堵效果)與其對(duì)頁(yè)巖坍塌壓力的增量呈一一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,泥餅滲透率降低越多,封堵效果越好,坍塌壓力增量越小。進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了用滲透率10-4mD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)泥餅作為“巖芯”模擬納-微米級(jí)孔、縫的超低孔超低滲頁(yè)巖地層封堵評(píng)價(jià)方法是可行的。 以延長(zhǎng)頁(yè)巖地質(zhì)特征情況為依據(jù),建立起延長(zhǎng)陸相頁(yè)巖氣兩性離子聚合物水基鉆井液體系,體系添加納微米級(jí)封堵劑后具有抑制性強(qiáng)、封堵能力強(qiáng)、潤(rùn)滑性好、流變性與失水造壁性好、抗土侵及抗鹽抗鈣能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the process of shale gas horizontal well drilling, sidewall instability has always been a difficult problem for oil drilling. In general, the water sensitivity of shale is not prominent. How to block shale micro-and nano-pore fractures through drilling fluid technology, prevent drilling fluid or filtrate from entering the formation, and reduce the influence of hydration or capillary force on shale formation, Preventing shale wall collapse fundamentally solves the problem of wellbore stability in shale drilling. Therefore, effective plugging becomes the difficulty of shale water-based drilling fluid research, and is also the main content of this paper. Based on the investigation of plugging technology at home and abroad and the drilling fluid technology of shale formation wellbore stability, the evaluation method of shale plugging effect and the optimal selection of plugging agent were carried out in this paper. Based on the theory of ideal packing and compact packing, the effects of clay content, barite content, particle size matching, dispersant, structural polymer, temperature and rolling conditions on the permeability of mud cake were studied. The mud cake with a permeability of 4.78 脳 104mD was prepared. A method for evaluating the plugging of simulated shale (ultra-low permeability 10-3~10-4mD) with nanometer-micron fractures was established. The plugging agent was screened by standard evaluation, and the mechanism of plugging action was analyzed. With the addition of excellent nano micron plugging agent (YFD-1) into drilling fluid system, the degree of mud cake permeability reduction (plugging effect) has a one-to-one relationship with the increment of shale collapse pressure, and the more mud cake permeability decreases, the more mud cake permeability decreases. The better the sealing effect, the smaller the increment of collapse pressure. It is further proved that it is feasible to use the standard mud cake of permeability 10-4mD as the core to simulate the nanometer-sized pore and the ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability shale formation plugging evaluation method. Based on the geological characteristics of Yanchang shale, an amphoteric polymer water-based drilling fluid system of Yanchang shale gas was established. The system has strong inhibition, strong plugging ability and good lubricity after adding nano-micron plugging agent. Good rheology and water loss wall-building, strong resistance to soil erosion and salt resistance to calcium, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE254

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