【摘要】：當前,人們對作為清潔能源的天然氣越來越重視,天然氣已經(jīng)成為了很多國家燃料的首選。在全世界生產(chǎn)與貿(mào)易中,壓縮天然氣(CNG)與液化天然氣(LNG)越來越活躍,作為清潔能源已經(jīng)成為全球油汽業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容。LNG項目的建設,可以有效地改變城市出租車、公交車以及物流長途客車以汽油和柴油為燃料的局面,減少車輛排放的大量的CO、NOx、HC等有毒氣體,改善大氣環(huán)境,實現(xiàn)“節(jié)能減排保護環(huán)境”的目標。同時按照國家能源結構調整的要求,在其他新能源汽車發(fā)展技術尚存在技術缺陷產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展尚不成熟尚無法大規(guī)模實現(xiàn)燃油汽車替代的情況下。天然氣汽車將得到大規(guī)模的推廣,與此相關的LNG建設有著廣闊的市場前景和潛力。本文在對已經(jīng)建成的LNG加氣站的調研分析的基礎上,結合遼寧省的實際情況,對LNG加氣站在建設過程中可能遇到的風險加以分析,提出相關的建議,為遼寧省LNG加氣站的建設提供借鑒和參考。通過研究,本文主要得到以下結論:(1)當前市場競爭出現(xiàn)了新的局面,國內(nèi)的石油公司面對的競爭來自于國內(nèi)外。因此,為了應對競爭需要采取一定的措施:對銷售策略進行不斷的優(yōu)化,對加氣站的管理工作逐漸的規(guī)范,從而使得現(xiàn)代營銷體制得以構建。信息化建設速度要加快,構建專業(yè)信息系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品批發(fā),物流配送、零售、服務以及財務的有機融合。對傳統(tǒng)競爭下的管理、服務以及營銷的觀念進行改變。使得業(yè)務競爭能力不斷的提高。(2)質量安全環(huán)保風險的管理。安全規(guī)范需要嚴格執(zhí)行,各項安全措施、消防措施需要認真執(zhí)行;整體整改的過程中,需要基于國家的相關的規(guī)范以及政策進行,從而使得財產(chǎn)、環(huán)境、人身安全等得到保護。(3)價格風險。作為政府指導價格的成品油及天然氣的價格,價格需要由政府指定。由于成品油、天然氣屬不可再生資源,且十年內(nèi)不會被大幅度取代,其價格風險較小。(4)法律法規(guī)風險管理。國資委在2006年12月實施了《關于推進國有資本調整和國有企業(yè)重組指導意見》,把軍工、電信、電網(wǎng)電力、航運、煤炭、石油石化、民航等定位為與國家的安全和國民經(jīng)濟命脈有直接關系的行業(yè),因此,對于這些行業(yè),國家具有決定的控制力。企業(yè)政策法律風險比較小。
[Abstract]:At present, people pay more and more attention to natural gas as a clean energy, natural gas has become the first choice of fuel in many countries. In the world production and trade, compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have become more and more active. As a clean energy, it has become an important part of the global oil and gas industry. The construction of the LNG project can effectively change urban taxis. With gasoline and diesel as fuel, buses and long-distance buses can reduce the amount of CO,NOx,HC and other toxic gases emitted by vehicles, improve the atmospheric environment, and achieve the goal of "saving energy and reducing emissions to protect the environment". At the same time, according to the requirements of national energy structure adjustment, under the condition that other new energy vehicle development technologies still exist technical defects, industrialization development is not yet mature and can not realize the large-scale replacement of fuel vehicles. Natural gas vehicles will be popularized on a large scale, and the related LNG construction has a broad market prospect and potential. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of the LNG filling station that has been built, this paper analyzes the risks that may be encountered in the construction of the LNG filling station, and puts forward some relevant suggestions according to the actual situation in Liaoning Province. It provides reference and reference for the construction of LNG filling station in Liaoning province. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a new situation in the current market competition, and the domestic oil companies face the competition from home and abroad. Therefore, in order to cope with the competition, we need to take certain measures: to optimize the sales strategy, to regulate the management of the gas filling station gradually, so that the modern marketing system can be constructed. The speed of information construction should be quickened, and professional information system should be constructed to realize the organic integration of product wholesale, logistics and distribution, retail, service and finance. Change the concept of management, service and marketing under traditional competition. Make the business competitive ability to improve continuously. (2) quality, safety and environmental risk management. Safety regulations need to be strictly implemented, all safety measures, fire control measures need to be seriously implemented; In the whole process of rectification, it needs to be based on the relevant national norms and policies, so as to protect property, environment, personal safety and so on. (3) Price risk. Prices for refined oil and natural gas, which are government-directed prices, need to be set by the government. Natural gas is a non-renewable resource due to refined oil, and will not be replaced by a large margin in ten years, and its price risk is relatively small. (4) risk management of laws and regulations. In December 2006, the SASAC implemented the "guidelines on promoting the Adjustment of State-owned Capital and the reorganization of State-owned Enterprises," which included military industry, telecommunications, power grid, shipping, coal, petroleum and petrochemicals. Civil aviation and other industries are directly related to national security and national economic lifeline. Therefore, the state has decisive control over these industries. The legal risk of enterprise policy is relatively small.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE4

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本文編號：2406697