【摘要】：油田注水過程中,注入水的水質(zhì)不能達標(biāo),水質(zhì)指標(biāo)不能被控制在規(guī)范要求的安全范圍內(nèi),則會對油井和油層造成嚴(yán)重的危害,也因此達不到驅(qū)油增產(chǎn)的目的。為保證注水管道安全經(jīng)濟運行,針對現(xiàn)階段大慶油田采出污水處理后,經(jīng)注水站、注水干線、注水支線最后到達井口過程中,懸浮物含量、油類、滋生的菌類對注入水水質(zhì)形成了二次污染,以及干線沖洗水水質(zhì)波動大,對污水處理系統(tǒng)運行造成影響的問題,開展污水二次污染規(guī)律試驗研究。首先,開展現(xiàn)場大排量沖洗實驗,將現(xiàn)場化驗經(jīng)驗與油田行業(yè)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求相結(jié)合,針對回注水水質(zhì)(本文中是含油和懸浮物),制定出一套適用于實驗室的詳細的操作規(guī)程。并利用這套實驗操作對水質(zhì)進行化驗分析。其次,采用數(shù)值模擬的方法定性分析了注水量(沖洗時間)對管道內(nèi)壁面砂粒濃度、壁面含油及懸浮物濃度的沖洗效果,同時也定性分析了注水速度對管道內(nèi)壁面砂粒濃度、含油及懸浮物濃度的影響規(guī)律,并總結(jié)并得到水質(zhì)變化情況與沖洗時間、沖洗速度之間的關(guān)系。然后,采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計的方法定量分析了沖洗時間、管長、沖洗流速與注入水水質(zhì)間的相關(guān)關(guān)系并建立水質(zhì)變化情況與主要影響因素之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,在此基礎(chǔ)上確定注水干線合理的沖洗參數(shù)。最后,開展固定干線沖洗參數(shù)優(yōu)化實驗,對前后兩年不同長度管線上同一取樣口所取樣品的沖洗效果進行對比分析,因干線二次污染的主要物是含油及懸浮物,故在干線沖洗時,可在干線沖洗的水源(污水站)增加破乳劑及殺菌劑等輔助藥劑處理,有助于提高干線沖洗效果。針對該區(qū)塊,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實測水質(zhì)指標(biāo)值,運用它們和沖洗時間之間的關(guān)系對沖洗時間進行驗算,得出,若要使含油量達到油田行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求至少需要2.87個小時,若要使得懸浮物含量達到油田行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)至少需要5.59個小時。
[Abstract]:In the process of oil field water injection, the water quality of injected water can not reach the standard, and the water quality index can not be controlled within the safety range required by the specification, which will cause serious harm to oil wells and reservoirs, and will not achieve the purpose of oil displacement and production increase. In order to ensure the safe and economical operation of water injection pipeline, in the process of water injection station, water injection trunk line and water injection branch line finally reaching the wellhead, the content of suspended solids, oil, etc., after treatment of produced sewage in Daqing Oilfield at present, The breeding bacteria cause secondary pollution to the water quality of the injected water, and the water quality of the main line flushing water fluctuates greatly, which affects the operation of the sewage treatment system. The experimental study on the regularity of the secondary pollution of the sewage is carried out. Firstly, the field large displacement flushing experiment is carried out, which combines the field test experience with the water quality standard requirements of the oilfield industry, and a set of detailed operating rules suitable for the laboratory are worked out for the water quality of the water injected back (oil and suspended matter in this paper). And use this set of experiment operation to carry on the laboratory analysis to the water quality. Secondly, the numerical simulation method is used to qualitatively analyze the washing effect of water injection rate (washing time) on the concentration of sand particles on the inner wall of pipeline, oil content on the wall surface and concentration of suspended solids. At the same time, the effect of water injection rate on the concentration of sand particles on the inner wall of pipeline is also analyzed qualitatively. The effects of oil content and suspended matter concentration on water quality were summarized and the relationship between water quality change and washing time and washing speed was obtained. Then, the correlation between water quality and water quality is analyzed quantitatively by mathematical statistical method, and the functional relationship between water quality change and main influencing factors is established, and the correlation between the water quality, the length of the pipe, the flush velocity and the water quality of the injected water is also established. On the basis of this, the reasonable washing parameters of the main water injection line are determined. Finally, the optimization experiment of flushing parameters of fixed trunk line is carried out, and the flushing effect of samples taken from the same sampling port at the same sampling port in two years before and after two years of pipeline is compared and analyzed, because the main substances of secondary pollution of the trunk line are oil and suspended matter. When washing the trunk line, the demulsifiers and fungicides can be added to the water source (sewage station) of the main line washing, which is helpful to improve the washing effect of the trunk line. According to the field measured water quality index value and the relationship between them and the washing time, the flushing time is checked and calculated. It is concluded that it takes at least 2.87 hours to make the oil content meet the industry standard of the oil field. It will take at least 5.59 hours to bring suspended matter up to industry standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE357.6

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