【摘要】：火燒油層是一種具有明顯技術優(yōu)勢和潛力的熱力采油方法,具有油藏適應范圍廣采收率高等優(yōu)勢。近年來由于石油能源的逐漸枯竭,火燒油層越來越受到國內(nèi)外學者的重視,但是由于其在地下進行,在監(jiān)控和操作方面有很大難度,而且原油在地下油層內(nèi)的燃燒過程非常復雜、燃燒機理尚未清楚,因此對火燒油層的研究是十分必要的。本文采用數(shù)值模擬和實驗研究相結合的方法,探索地下油層內(nèi)原油點燃和穩(wěn)定燃燒的機理。針對地下油層砂石孔隙型多孔介質(zhì)的結構特點,建立了多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)原油燃燒的一維與二維傳熱模型；在原油的基本特性實驗基礎上,通過搭建多孔介質(zhì)原油燃燒實驗臺,研究原油在砂石孔隙多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)的燃燒特性,旨在了解地下油層的燃燒機理。根據(jù)地下砂石油層的孔隙結構特點與火燒油層燃燒的傳熱機理,將火燒油層燃燒過程簡化為原油在惰性多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)燃燒的過程,建立了含移動內(nèi)熱源的傳熱模型,利用Matlab軟件對微分方程進行求解,得到了砂石型多孔介質(zhì)中原油燃燒的溫度分布規(guī)律,分析了注氣速度、原油的飽和度、孔隙率及預熱溫度等參數(shù)對火燒油層溫度分布的影響,結果表明：在著火之后,隨燃燒進行,燃燒區(qū)域呈擴大趨勢且高溫區(qū)不斷向前移動,出現(xiàn)明顯的特征溫度分區(qū),燃燒最高溫度保持相對穩(wěn)定,燃燒波傳播速度在0.1m/h量級,燃燒波傳播速度與注氣速度接近正比關系,模擬結果與實驗結果較為吻合,證明了模型的有效性；以模擬結果為指導,確定了能夠保證原油順利點火并穩(wěn)定燃燒的注氣速度、孔隙率和飽和度等參數(shù),為實驗工作奠定基礎。針對燃燒實驗所用原油,進行了與燃燒密切相關的物性參數(shù)測量實驗。實驗包括原油粘度測量實驗、原油熱重實驗及原油蒸餾實驗。分析了原油粘度隨溫度變化的規(guī)律,并分別采用Coasts-Redfern法、Segal法、普適積分法等多種方法對熱重曲線及微商熱重曲線進行了分析,得到了原油燃燒不同階段的動力學參數(shù)。結果表明：Coasts-Redfer法在低溫段無法求得合理的動力學參數(shù),且在高溫段的活化能及指前因子偏低,Segal法求得的活化能偏高,通過熱重實驗計算的原油氧化反應動力學參數(shù)可以作為數(shù)值計算的重要數(shù)據(jù)。搭建了火燒油層室內(nèi)模擬實驗臺,并進行了三次燃燒實驗,實現(xiàn)了原油的自點火穩(wěn)定燃燒。結果表明,燃燒最高溫度可達1210K；燃燒室中心區(qū)域溫度穩(wěn)定在750K左右,持續(xù)時間約為4小時；熱源位置過高或燃燒后供氣量不足會導致熄火發(fā)生,低供氣量下原油燃燒波很難向前推進,熱源位置與空氣入口應盡量布置在油層底部。
[Abstract]:The burning reservoir is a kind of thermal oil recovery method with obvious technical advantages and potential, which has the advantages of wide reservoir adaptability and high oil recovery. In recent years, due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy, more and more scholars at home and abroad pay attention to the burning reservoir, but because it is carried out underground, it is very difficult to monitor and operate. Moreover, the combustion process of crude oil in underground reservoir is very complex, and the combustion mechanism is not clear, so it is necessary to study the burning oil layer. In this paper, the mechanism of ignition and steady combustion of crude oil in underground reservoir is explored by means of numerical simulation and experimental study. According to the structural characteristics of porous media of sand and stone in underground reservoir, a heat transfer model of one and two dimensions of crude oil combustion in porous medium is established. On the basis of the experiment of the basic characteristics of crude oil, the combustion characteristics of crude oil in porous media of sand and stone were studied by means of setting up a test bench for the combustion of porous crude oil in order to understand the combustion mechanism of underground reservoir. According to the pore structure characteristics of underground sand and stone reservoir and the heat transfer mechanism of burning oil layer, the combustion process of burning oil layer is simplified as the process of crude oil burning in inert porous medium, and a heat transfer model containing moving internal heat source is established. By using Matlab software to solve the differential equation, the temperature distribution of crude oil combustion in porous media of sand and stone type is obtained, and the effects of gas injection velocity, oil saturation, porosity and preheating temperature on the temperature distribution of burning oil layer are analyzed. The results show that after ignition, the combustion region tends to expand and the high temperature region moves forward continuously, with obvious characteristic temperature zones, and the maximum combustion temperature remains relatively stable. The velocity of combustion wave propagation is in the order of 0.1m/h, and the velocity of combustion wave propagation is close to the velocity of gas injection. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which proves the validity of the model. Under the guidance of the simulation results, the parameters of gas injection velocity, porosity and saturation, which can ensure the smooth ignition and steady combustion of crude oil, are determined, which lays a foundation for the experimental work. The physical properties of crude oil which are closely related to combustion are measured. The experiment includes viscosity measurement experiment, thermogravimetric test and distillation experiment. The variation of crude oil viscosity with temperature was analyzed, and the thermogravimetric curves and microquotient thermogravimetric curves were analyzed by Coasts-Redfern method, Segal method and universal integration method, respectively. The kinetic parameters of different stages of crude oil combustion were obtained. The results show that the Coasts-Redfer method can not obtain reasonable kinetic parameters at low temperature, and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor are low in the high temperature section, and the activation energy obtained by Segal method is higher than that obtained by Segal method. The kinetic parameters of oxidation reaction of crude oil calculated by thermogravimetric experiments can be used as important data for numerical calculation. An indoor simulation test bench was set up and three combustion experiments were carried out to realize the stable combustion of crude oil by self-ignition. The results show that the maximum combustion temperature can reach 1210K, the temperature in the central region of the combustion chamber is about 750K, and the duration is about 4 hours. If the heat source is too high or the gas supply is insufficient after combustion, the flameout will occur, the combustion wave of crude oil will be difficult to push forward under the low gas supply, and the position of the heat source and the air inlet should be arranged at the bottom of the reservoir as far as possible.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.44

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本文編號：2390699