【摘要】：管道技術在天然氣輸送中有著獨特的優(yōu)勢。隨著西部油田、氣田的開發(fā)和“西氣東輸”工程的進行，，管道運輸將會在我國國民經(jīng)濟中占據(jù)越來越重要的地位。天然氣管路的泄漏不僅導致資源的損失，同時極大地污染了環(huán)境，甚至發(fā)生了火災爆炸，嚴重威脅人民生命財產(chǎn)的安全。高效迅速的天然氣管道泄漏與定位方法是管道安全運行的重要保障。因此，對天然氣管路泄漏檢測和定位的研究，是一項有實際意義的工作。 模型法天然氣管道泄漏檢測及定位技術基于氣體管道傳輸?shù)牧黧w模型，能夠通過實時的管道壓力數(shù)據(jù)，快速進行管道泄漏事故的判斷。該方法經(jīng)過國內(nèi)外學者的深入研究以后，已經(jīng)應用到實際管道事故檢測當中，保障實際的生產(chǎn)活動。目前，模型法進行泄漏檢測多采用液體適用的流體模型。由于沒有考慮氣體熱力學性質(zhì)以及可壓縮性，該方法運用在天然氣泄漏檢測定位問題上時精度較低。天然氣密度是模型法定位的一項重要參數(shù)，原有氣體模型將天然氣混合氣體密度設為常數(shù)。一般來說，天然氣在管道運輸中壓強較大，首尾端壓降和初始壓強比較不可忽略，另考慮到天然氣混合氣體的性質(zhì)，不同組分的天然氣會在不同環(huán)境中會有不同的密度，它的變化將直接影響著氣體管道泄漏定位的精度。 本課題從原有天然氣模型入手，首先利用氣體管道流體模型，建立適合天然氣定位使用的氣體管道穩(wěn)態(tài)模型。在此基礎上，討論了不同天然氣組分對混合氣體密度以及對模型法定位的影響。并對天然氣混合氣體密度進行更精確的建模，改進原有算法。 仿真和實驗結果表明，模型法天然氣管道泄漏檢測和定位能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)簡單、快速的泄漏定位；對天然氣密度進行改進后的模型提高了天然氣管道泄漏定位精度。
[Abstract]:Pipeline technology has a unique advantage in natural gas transportation. With the development of western oil fields, gas fields and the project of "West-to-East Gas Transmission", pipeline transportation will play a more and more important role in our national economy. The leakage of natural gas pipeline not only leads to the loss of resources, but also pollutes the environment greatly, and even fires and explodes, which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property. Efficient and rapid gas pipeline leakage and location method is an important guarantee of pipeline safe operation. Therefore, the study of gas pipeline leakage detection and location is of practical significance. Gas pipeline leakage detection and location technology based on the fluid model of gas pipeline transmission, the pipeline leakage accident can be judged quickly by real-time pipeline pressure data. The method has been applied to actual pipeline accident detection after deep research by domestic and foreign scholars. At present, the fluid model suitable for liquid is used in leak detection by model method. Because the thermodynamic properties and compressibility of gas are not considered, the accuracy of this method is low when it is applied to the problem of gas leak detection and location. The density of natural gas is an important parameter in the model method. The original gas model sets the density of natural gas mixture as a constant. Generally speaking, natural gas has a high pressure in pipeline transportation, and the pressure drop and initial pressure at the front and tail end can not be ignored. Considering the nature of natural gas mixture, different components of natural gas will have different densities in different environments. Its change will directly affect the accuracy of gas pipeline leakage location. Starting with the original natural gas model, the steady state model of gas pipeline is established by using the gas pipeline fluid model. On this basis, the effects of different natural gas components on gas mixture density and model location are discussed. The density of natural gas mixture is modeled more accurately and the original algorithm is improved. The simulation and experimental results show that the model method can detect and locate the leakage of natural gas pipeline easily and quickly, and the improved model of natural gas density improves the accuracy of leakage location of natural gas pipeline.
【學位授予單位】：北京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.6

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