【摘要】：石油資源的勘探開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,一旦井底的壓力平衡控制不當(dāng),則可能會(huì)引發(fā)諸如井侵、溢流、井噴等重大惡性事故,事故的發(fā)生會(huì)帶來(lái)諸如現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備的損壞、造成油氣井的廢棄、并引發(fā)一系列的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,甚至重大的井控事故會(huì)威脅井控作業(yè)人員以及油氣井周邊群眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。因此,必須不斷提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)井控作業(yè)人員的井控技術(shù)水平�，F(xiàn)今實(shí)物仿真技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,本文將實(shí)物仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用到實(shí)際的鉆井井控培訓(xùn)中進(jìn)而設(shè)計(jì)出井控實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng),與虛擬仿真培訓(xùn)相比,實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)能夠提高培訓(xùn)學(xué)員受訓(xùn)時(shí)的井控生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的擬真度,進(jìn)而達(dá)到更高效的井控培訓(xùn)效果,確保受訓(xùn)人員在油氣井生產(chǎn)中能夠安全可靠的實(shí)施井控作業(yè)。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:第一,在深入了解節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力調(diào)節(jié)這一基本操作的培訓(xùn)流程和節(jié)流管匯的組成與工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,基于實(shí)物仿真技術(shù)的原理完成了節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真流程的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)并完成了節(jié)流壓力控制仿真中節(jié)流管匯相關(guān)硬件設(shè)備的改造。在了解節(jié)流管匯的節(jié)流元件數(shù)學(xué)模型和節(jié)流壓力控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建節(jié)流壓力控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。第二,根據(jù)節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真原理,在深入研究PID閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合模糊控制和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論,提出適合節(jié)流壓力控制仿真培訓(xùn)的節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力模糊自適應(yīng)控制算法,并將其應(yīng)用到節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)中。仿真的結(jié)果顯示在節(jié)流壓力控制操作過(guò)程中模糊自適應(yīng)控制算法可以有效地提高系統(tǒng)的控制效果,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)節(jié)流閥閥門(mén)開(kāi)度的精確控制,進(jìn)而精確控制模擬仿真壓力儀表的示數(shù)變化,為培訓(xùn)學(xué)員營(yíng)造近似真實(shí)的井控培訓(xùn)環(huán)境。第三,根據(jù)井控培訓(xùn)的實(shí)際需求以及現(xiàn)有的井控操作規(guī)范,在節(jié)流壓力模糊自適應(yīng)控制算法的基礎(chǔ)上,完成節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。以紫金橋組態(tài)監(jiān)控軟件為開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)建立了節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的井控培訓(xùn),代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的人工教學(xué)井控培訓(xùn)模式,為井控培訓(xùn)提供一種新型、高效的培訓(xùn)方式,從而縮短員工培訓(xùn)周期提高培訓(xùn)效率。綜上所述,本文完成節(jié)流管匯節(jié)流壓力控制實(shí)物仿真的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),并將其投入到實(shí)際的鉆井井控培訓(xùn)中驗(yàn)證其可行性,仿真結(jié)果表明實(shí)物仿真培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)提高井控培訓(xùn)的效率并達(dá)到了更好的培訓(xùn)效果,從而減小了實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中井控事故發(fā)生幾率,保證了安全可靠的井控生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the process of exploration and development of petroleum resources, once the pressure balance at the bottom of the well is not properly controlled, it may lead to serious accidents such as well invasion, overflow, blowout and so on. As a result, oil and gas wells are abandoned, and a series of environmental pollution problems are caused, even major well control accidents will threaten the safety of well control workers and the lives and property of the people around oil and gas wells. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the level of well control technology of field production well control workers. Nowadays, the physical simulation technology is widely used in the field of industry. In this paper, the physical simulation technology is applied to the actual drilling well control training and a well control physical simulation training system is designed, which is compared with the virtual simulation training. The physical simulation training system can improve the simulation degree of the training students' well control production environment, and then achieve a more efficient well control training effect to ensure that the trainees can safely and reliably carry out well control operations in oil and gas wells production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of deeply understanding the training process of throttling pressure regulation, the composition and working principle of throttling manifold, Based on the principle of physical simulation technology, the detailed design of the physical simulation flow of throttling pressure control in throttling tube is completed, and the revamping of related hardware equipment in throttling pressure control simulation is completed. On the basis of understanding the mathematical model of throttling element and the structure of throttling pressure control system, the mathematical model of throttling pressure control system is constructed. Secondly, according to the principle of physical simulation of throttling pressure control in throttling tube, on the basis of in-depth study of PID closed-loop control system, combined with fuzzy control and neural network theory, This paper presents a fuzzy adaptive control algorithm for throttling pressure control simulation training, and applies it to the physical simulation training system of throttling pressure control. The simulation results show that the fuzzy adaptive control algorithm can effectively improve the control effect of the system and realize the accurate control of throttle valve opening in the process of throttling pressure control operation. Furthermore, the logarithmic change of simulated pressure instrument is controlled accurately, and the training environment of well control is built up for the trainee. Thirdly, according to the actual requirements of well control training and the existing well control operation specifications, the design and implementation of the physical simulation training system for throttling pressure control is completed on the basis of the fuzzy adaptive control algorithm of throttling pressure. A physical simulation training system for throttling pressure control is established on the platform of Zijin Bridge configuration monitoring software, which realizes automatic well control training, replaces the traditional manual teaching well control training mode, and provides a new type of well control training. Efficient training method, thus shortens the staff training cycle, enhances the training efficiency. To sum up, this paper completes the design and realization of the physical simulation of throttling pressure control, and puts it into the actual drilling well control training to verify its feasibility. The simulation results show that the physical simulation training system improves the efficiency of well control training and achieves better training effect, thus reducing the probability of well control accidents in actual production process and ensuring safe and reliable well control production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP391.9;TE28

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本文編號(hào)：2382808