【摘要】：儲(chǔ)罐是石油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、輸轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)中最為重要設(shè)備，，儲(chǔ)存的介質(zhì)為原油、汽油、柴油等，這些介質(zhì)都屬于易燃、易爆危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，儲(chǔ)罐運(yùn)行過程中容易發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)。我們國家和世界其他各國都根據(jù)本國實(shí)際情況制定了相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，用以要求儲(chǔ)罐的使用單位對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐的腐蝕狀況進(jìn)行定期的檢測。確保儲(chǔ)罐安全的狀態(tài)下平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，避免發(fā)生造成環(huán)境破壞和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)污染的事故。 由于這些因素的影響，我們使用的檢測技術(shù)就要做到安全、可靠、靈活有效。在線無損檢測技術(shù)，對(duì)石油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)和輸轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)中運(yùn)行的設(shè)備和設(shè)施的長周期安全、平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行提供可靠保障，將具有十分重要的意義。儲(chǔ)罐定期檢測受現(xiàn)場條件制約，檢測的手段和辦法相當(dāng)有限。目前世界各國唯一認(rèn)可的儲(chǔ)罐在線檢測方法是聲發(fā)射檢測方法。聲發(fā)射在線檢測技術(shù)主要利用材料在變形和斷裂時(shí)因?yàn)榫植磕芰康目焖籴尫潘a(chǎn)生的聲波，通常這種信號(hào)強(qiáng)度很弱，我們借助靈敏的電子儀器（傳感器）接收并分析，從而推斷聲發(fā)射源，定位泄漏點(diǎn)，并判斷腐蝕情況。 20世紀(jì)80年代中期，聲發(fā)射檢測技術(shù)開始應(yīng)用在石油化工單位的大型儲(chǔ)罐的檢測，目前已經(jīng)在石油、煉化、機(jī)械制造加工的等領(lǐng)域取得廣泛應(yīng)用。聲發(fā)射在線檢測技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)成熟的無損檢測方法，在石油化工行業(yè)可用于壓力容器管道、常壓儲(chǔ)罐底部泄漏的檢測，在實(shí)現(xiàn)儲(chǔ)罐的在線檢測及安全評(píng)估方面最具優(yōu)勢，對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐的安全運(yùn)行、企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:The storage tank is the most important equipment in the oil storage and transportation system. The storage medium is crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil and so on. These mediums are flammable, explosive and dangerous chemicals. Our country and other countries in the world have formulated relevant standards and norms according to their actual conditions, which require storage tank users to carry out regular inspection of tank corrosion. To ensure the safe operation of the storage tank, to avoid the occurrence of environmental damage and ecosystem pollution accidents. As a result of these factors, we use the detection technology to be safe, reliable, flexible and effective. On-line nondestructive testing (NDT) technology will be of great significance to ensure the long period safety and smooth operation of equipments and facilities in oil storage and transportation system. Storage tank regular inspection is restricted by field conditions, and the means and methods of inspection are quite limited. At present, acoustic emission detection is the only method approved in the world. The acoustic emission on-line detection technique mainly uses the sound wave produced by the rapid release of local energy during deformation and fracture of materials. Usually, this signal is very weak, so we use sensitive electronic instruments (sensors) to receive and analyze it. Thus the acoustic emission source is inferred, the leakage point is located, and the corrosion situation is judged. In the middle of 1980s, acoustic emission (AE) detection technology began to be applied to the detection of large storage tanks in petrochemical units. At present, it has been widely used in the fields of petroleum, refining, machining and so on. As a mature nondestructive testing method, acoustic emission on-line testing technology can be used in the petrochemical industry to detect leakage at the bottom of pressure vessel pipelines and atmospheric storage tanks, and has the most advantages in the on-line detection and safety assessment of storage tanks. It is of great significance to the safe operation of storage tanks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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