發(fā)布時間：2018-12-06 14:30

【摘要】：目前我國大多數(shù)井已處于開采中后期階段,由于地層、套管質(zhì)量等原因引起事故井甚至油井停產(chǎn)。小井眼側(cè)鉆井技術(shù)能有效解決這類事故井,使油井恢復(fù)生產(chǎn),提高采收率,增加油井產(chǎn)量。但小井眼側(cè)鉆存在加壓困難和脫壓等問題,降低了鉆井速度,如何提高鉆井速度成為鉆井研究的重要課題。沖旋鉆井技術(shù)是鉆井過程中即有沖擊鉆進(jìn)又有旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn)的一種鉆進(jìn)方法,研究表明沖旋鉆井在中硬地層及硬地層中使用具有井身質(zhì)量好、鉆頭損耗低、鉆井成本降低、提高機(jī)械鉆速等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文擬使用沖旋鉆井技術(shù)提高小井眼側(cè)鉆機(jī)械鉆速,主要研究沖旋鉆井技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵工具沖擊器,其沖擊性能直接影響沖旋鉆井的效果�；谏鲜霰尘�,本文通過大量閱讀文獻(xiàn)和現(xiàn)場調(diào)研分析總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有沖擊器的工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)新設(shè)計出了一套適用于小井眼側(cè)鉆井的定流量低摩阻的液動射流沖擊器。通過收集消化現(xiàn)有沖擊器資料和現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,了解了現(xiàn)有沖擊器的特點(diǎn)和存在的問題,確定了設(shè)計方案,創(chuàng)新設(shè)計出一種適用于小井眼側(cè)鉆井的液動射流沖擊器,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)小井眼側(cè)鉆井提速目標(biāo);基于三維仿真軟件Solidworks建立了液動射流沖擊器的三維實(shí)體模型,證明了設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性;基于有限元理論和強(qiáng)度理論對重要零部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度設(shè)計;利用Fluent對射流沖擊器關(guān)鍵部件(射流元件)進(jìn)行了流場分析,探討了流量對射流元件切換的影響;建立了小井眼側(cè)鉆工況下的沖錘動力學(xué)模型,為沖擊器在小井眼側(cè)鉆工況中的應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù),基于Matlab軟件編制了沖錘運(yùn)動仿真程序,對沖擊器沖擊功、沖擊頻率的性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行定量計算,研究了單一因素對沖擊器性能的影響規(guī)律;然后基于正交試驗(yàn)原理按照不同的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)對結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:At present, most wells in our country have been in the middle and late stage of production, due to formation, casing quality and other reasons, the accident wells and even oil wells shut down. Small hole side drilling technology can effectively solve this kind of accident wells, make oil wells resume production, improve oil recovery, and increase oil well production. However, there are some problems in sidetracking, such as pressure and depressurization, which reduce the drilling speed, and how to improve the drilling speed becomes an important issue in drilling research. Percussive drilling technology is a kind of drilling method with both percussion drilling and rotary drilling in drilling process. The research shows that the use of percussion drilling in middle hard formation and hard formation has good well quality, low bit loss and low drilling cost. Improve the mechanical drilling speed and other advantages. In this paper, the impact drilling technology is used to improve the mechanical drilling rate of small hole sidetracking, and the key tool impactor is mainly studied in this paper. Its impact performance directly affects the effect of rotary drilling. Based on the above background, this paper summarizes the working principle and structural characteristics of the existing impactor by reading a lot of literature and analyzing on the spot. On this basis, a set of hydraulic jet impactor with constant flow and low friction is designed. By collecting and digesting the existing impactor data and field investigation, the characteristics and existing problems of the existing impactor are understood, the design scheme is determined, and a hydraulic jet impactor suitable for small hole side drilling is designed. It can realize the goal of raising speed in slim hole side drilling. Based on the 3D simulation software Solidworks, the 3D solid model of the hydraulic jet impactor is established, the rationality of the design structure is proved, and the strength design of the important parts is carried out based on the finite element theory and the strength theory. The flow field of the key component of jet impactor (jet element) is analyzed by Fluent, and the influence of flow rate on the switch of jet element is discussed. The dynamic model of impact hammer under sidetracking condition is established, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of impactor in sidetracking condition. Based on Matlab software, the simulation program of impact hammer motion is compiled, and the impact power of the impactor is analyzed. The performance parameters of impact frequency are calculated quantitatively, and the influence of single factor on the performance of impactor is studied. Then, based on the principle of orthogonal test, the structural parameters are optimized according to different optimization objectives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE246

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本文編號：2366174