【摘要】：大港中北部油田為典型的疏松砂巖,油藏非均質(zhì)性嚴(yán)重,常規(guī)調(diào)剖體系封堵效果差。預(yù)交聯(lián)凝膠顆�？梢愿纳朴筒氐姆蔷|(zhì)性,提高原油采收率。而現(xiàn)有的顆粒強度大、可變形性差,易在地層中滯留和剪切破壞。因此,本文提出一種彈性低易變形的預(yù)交聯(lián)凝膠顆粒,并探討了其基本性能和油層的配伍性。采用溶液聚合法成功制備了一種低彈高粘預(yù)交聯(lián)凝膠顆粒(D-PPG),并以粘彈性應(yīng)變?yōu)橐罁?jù)探討了合成的最佳反應(yīng)條件,紅外光譜法表征相應(yīng)官能團原子間鍵的振動吸收峰,差示掃描熱量法表征了D-PPG的熱穩(wěn)定性能,環(huán)境掃描電鏡觀察證實了D-PPG吸水膨脹后仍具有三維的空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。對D-PPG膨脹過程動力學(xué)進行了模擬分析,獲得了不同環(huán)境因素對D-PPG膨脹的影響規(guī)律。D-PPG膨脹初期符合non-Fickian擴散;而整個膨脹過程符合Schott二級動力學(xué)模型,溫度升高D-PPG的初始膨脹速率和最大膨脹率都是依次增大的,而達到最大膨脹率的時間越長。隨著金屬離子濃度升高D-PPG膨脹率減小,二價金屬離子具有比一價金屬離子更強的屏蔽作用;pH升高,D-PPG膨脹率變大。D-PPG/HPAM分散體系存在臨界剪切速率?(8。剪切速率低于該值時,體系表現(xiàn)為剪切變稀性;剪切速率高于該值時,表現(xiàn)為剪切增稠性;顆粒的存在對體系的粘度影響較大。D-PPG濃度越大高剪切速率下剪切增稠現(xiàn)象越明顯。采用填砂管模型研究了D-PPG與孔喉的匹配性以及調(diào)剖性能,采用高溫靜態(tài)濾失儀研究了D-PPG靜態(tài)濾失特性和對低滲透層造成的傷害程度。當(dāng)孔喉直徑與D-PPG粒徑的匹配因子R在0.05左右時,具有較好的注入性。D-PPG/HPAM分散體系具有選擇性調(diào)剖作用,且滲透率級差越大,剖面改善能力越明顯;對水的封堵率比油高。聚合物的加入攜帶性增強,降低了濾失,減小了對低滲管的傷害。分散體系向低滲管的濾失會傷害低滲層,清除濾餅會增加調(diào)剖的效果。聚合物和D-PPG發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,封堵優(yōu)勢通道,改變液流方向,擴大波及系數(shù);分散體系能顯著改善雙管并聯(lián)模型的非均質(zhì)性,滲透率級差為10的并聯(lián)填砂管在聚驅(qū)后采用D-PPG/HPAM分散體系驅(qū)油效率可達17.56%。
[Abstract]:Dagang central and northern oil field is a typical loose sandstone, the reservoir heterogeneity is serious, and the sealing effect of conventional profile control system is poor. Pre-crosslinked gel particles can improve reservoir heterogeneity and oil recovery. However, the existing particles have high strength, poor deformability, and are easy to be detained and shearing failure in the strata. Therefore, a precrosslinked gel particle with low elasticity and easy deformation was proposed, and its basic properties and compatibility of oil layer were discussed. A low elasticity and high viscosity pre-crosslinked gel particle (D-PPG) was successfully prepared by solution polymerization. The optimum reaction conditions were discussed based on viscoelastic strain. The vibrational absorption peak of the bond between atoms of the corresponding functional group was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability of D-PPG was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that D-PPG still had a three-dimensional spatial network structure after water absorption and expansion. The kinetics of D-PPG expansion process was simulated and analyzed, and the influence of different environmental factors on D-PPG expansion was obtained. D-PPG expansion was consistent with non-Fickian diffusion at the initial stage of expansion. The initial expansion rate and the maximum expansion rate of D-PPG are increased in turn, and the time to reach the maximum expansion rate is longer. With the increase of the concentration of metal ions, the D-PPG expansion ratio decreases, the bivalent metal ions have stronger shielding effect than the monovalent metal ions, and the D-PPG expansion rate increases with the increase of pH. The critical shear rate of the D-PPG/HPAM dispersion system is 8. When the shear rate is lower than this value, the system exhibits shearing thinning, and when the shear rate is higher than this value, it shows shear thickening. The existence of particles has a great influence on the viscosity of the system. The higher the concentration of D-PPG is, the more obvious the phenomenon of shear thickening is at higher shear rate. The matching property and profile control performance of D-PPG and pore throat were studied by using sand filling pipe model. The static filtration characteristics of D-PPG and the damage degree to low permeability layer were studied by using high temperature static filtration apparatus. When the matching factor R of pore throat diameter and D-PPG diameter is about 0. 05, it has better injectability. The D-PPG/HPAM dispersion system has selective profile control, and the greater the permeability difference, the more obvious the profile improvement ability. The plugging rate of water is higher than that of oil. The addition of polymer enhanced the portability, reduced the filtration loss and reduced the damage to the low permeability pipe. The filtration loss of the dispersion system to the low permeability pipe will harm the low permeability layer, and the filter cake will increase the effect of profile control. Polymer and D-PPG play a synergistic role in blocking the dominant channel, changing the direction of the liquid flow and expanding the sweep coefficient. The heterogeneity of the two-pipe parallel model can be significantly improved by the dispersion system. The oil displacement efficiency of the parallel sand filling pipe with permeability difference of 10 can reach 17.56 after polymer flooding with D-PPG/HPAM dispersion system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE39

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