【摘要】：油藏環(huán)境中存在采油功能微生物菌群是微生物采油技術(shù)應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵。本論文采用分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究方法16S r RNA基因克隆文庫研究了中國七個不同溫度典型重質(zhì)油油藏的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成,分離采油功能菌株;采用色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)和電噴霧傅里葉變換離子回旋共振質(zhì)譜技術(shù)研究微生物菌群對高凝油的降解作用,在分子水平上探討微生物菌群對原油中極性化合物尤其是含氮和含氧化合物的作用轉(zhuǎn)化機制。主要研究內(nèi)容及取得的成果如下:(1)對不同地層溫度(20-80℃)我國七個典型重質(zhì)油油藏微生物群落分析結(jié)果表明,微生物群落組成差異很大,其中溫度對微生物群落組成影響最大,油田水礦化度和原油性質(zhì)等也造成微生物群落組成不同,但其共同特點是存在豐富的降解石油烴和產(chǎn)生物表面活性劑銅綠假單胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、施氏假單胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、不動桿菌(Acinetobacter)等微生物采油功能菌群,結(jié)果表明研究的重質(zhì)油油藏具備開展微生物采油潛力,從而拓寬了微生物采油應(yīng)用的油藏范圍。(2)分析新疆低溫重質(zhì)油油藏油井T6190食物鏈代謝途徑系微生物菌群的結(jié)果表明,該油井具有完整的原油食物鏈代謝途徑;螺旋菌(Spirochaetes)在五個樣品中都檢測到,推測螺旋菌是油藏本源菌。(3)采用降解原油菌和產(chǎn)表面活性劑菌篩選性培養(yǎng)基,從所研究的八個不同油藏分離純化得到62株采油功能菌菌株,其中20株地衣芽孢桿菌(Baclicus lincheniformis)和3株枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)是微生物提高原油采收率技術(shù)的最常用菌株;降解原油菌株蠟樣芽孢桿菌和施氏假單胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri);產(chǎn)生物膜和生物聚合菌陰溝腸桿菌(Bacillus cereus)和Arcobacter molluscorum;這些株儲備了微生物采油應(yīng)用的菌種資源。(4)針對遼河油田高凝析油油藏開展微生物采油實驗,實驗室篩選得到最佳激活劑配方為(100ml):糖蜜2g或玉米漿干粉(0.6g/ml)、(NH4)2HPO40.3g、KNO30.2g和原油2g;該激活劑在實驗室條件下培養(yǎng)液的菌體數(shù)可以達到108cell/ml,表面活性指標(biāo)排油圈檢測的直徑達5cm。采用高溫氣相色譜和陰離子傅里葉變換離子回旋共振質(zhì)譜分析了實驗室和礦場試驗條件下被激活微生物的作用使原油中的長鏈烴以及高碳鏈的雜原子化合物的相對含量下降,而短鏈烴以及低碳數(shù)的N1雜原子化合物的相對含量增加,結(jié)果證明激活微生物菌群能降解長鏈烴以及雜原子化合物的長烷基支鏈。
[Abstract]:The existence of microbial flora in reservoir environment is the key to the application of microbial oil recovery technology. In this paper, the microbial community structure of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs at different temperatures in China was studied by using the 16s r RNA gene clone library based on molecular ecology, and oil recovery functional strains were isolated. The degradation of high coagulant oil by microflora was studied by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The transformation mechanism of microbial flora on polar compounds, especially nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds, in crude oil was studied at molecular level. The main research contents and results obtained are as follows: (1) the results of microbial community analysis of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs in China at different formation temperatures (20-80 鈩，

本文編號：2343699