【摘要】：隨著國(guó)內(nèi)頁(yè)巖氣的大規(guī)模開發(fā),頁(yè)巖儲(chǔ)層增產(chǎn)改造成為其主要手段,目前川渝地區(qū)頁(yè)巖氣改造已逐步趨于水平井組“工廠化”壓裂模式。但工業(yè)化的開采,帶來(lái)的不僅僅是技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步和產(chǎn)值上的增長(zhǎng),也帶來(lái)了巨大的環(huán)境壓力。頁(yè)巖氣壓裂施工規(guī)模大,施工的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都需要用水,尤其是壓裂完井環(huán)節(jié),用水量達(dá)到整體用水量的90%之多,用水量基本都達(dá)到了幾十萬(wàn)方計(jì)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,又由于川渝地區(qū)頁(yè)巖氣井大部處于丘陵地帶,更凸顯了采水、供水、儲(chǔ)水、富余液體處理和返排液處理等多個(gè)方面的難題。所以,在川渝地區(qū)的頁(yè)巖氣開發(fā)上,不僅僅要考慮提高“工廠化”壓裂的施工效果,更要著重考慮如何通過更先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和技術(shù)來(lái)提高開采過程對(duì)于水資源的利用,不僅優(yōu)化了施工工藝,節(jié)約了人力物力,而且在最大限度上減少對(duì)川渝地區(qū)脆弱的水環(huán)境的影響。本文通過對(duì)川渝地區(qū)頁(yè)巖氣開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀深入的調(diào)研分析,結(jié)合分析國(guó)外的頁(yè)巖氣壓裂技術(shù)手段,從如何解決川渝地區(qū)頁(yè)巖氣工廠化壓裂的水資源難題著手,展開了連續(xù)混配壓裂液及配套工藝、頁(yè)巖氣用降阻劑及滑溜水兩大方面的研究,并進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用分析。通過對(duì)連續(xù)混配工藝技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究,形成了一套連續(xù)混配工作液及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工工藝技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了頁(yè)巖氣施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)時(shí)配液。該技術(shù)擴(kuò)大了可利用的水資源范圍、減少了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)液罐使用量、避免了壓裂液存儲(chǔ)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、減少了壓裂液富余量、簡(jiǎn)化了工作流程,達(dá)到既節(jié)約生產(chǎn)成本的同時(shí)又提高了對(duì)水資源綜合利用的目的。本文中提出的降阻劑及在其基礎(chǔ)上形成的頁(yè)巖氣滑溜水工作液體系,也具有高效利用水資源的特點(diǎn)。目前研究出的這套以反相乳液降阻劑為主劑的頁(yè)巖氣用滑溜水工作液體系具有溶解速率快、降阻效果好、耐剪切、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用簡(jiǎn)單、可重復(fù)利用、傷害低的效果。該滑溜水工作液體系已經(jīng)建立產(chǎn)品工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)并在頁(yè)巖氣井成功推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale development of shale gas in China, the production increase and transformation of shale reservoir has become the main means. At present, the transformation of shale gas in Sichuan and Chongqing areas has gradually tended to the "factory" fracturing mode of horizontal well formation. However, industrial exploitation brings not only technological progress and output growth, but also great environmental pressure. The scale of shale pressure crack construction is large, and every link of construction needs water, especially in fracturing and well completion, the water consumption reaches 90% of the total water consumption, and the water consumption basically reaches several hundred thousand square meters. On this basis, because most of the shale gas wells in Sichuan and Chongqing are located in hilly areas, many problems such as water recovery, water supply, water storage, surplus liquid treatment and back liquid treatment are highlighted. Therefore, in the development of shale gas in Sichuan and Chongqing, we should not only consider how to improve the effect of "factory" fracturing, but also how to improve the utilization of water resources through more advanced equipment and technology. It not only optimizes the construction technology, saves manpower and material resources, but also minimizes the influence on the fragile water environment in Sichuan and Chongqing. Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation of shale gas development in Sichuan and Chongqing areas, and combining with the analysis of overseas shale pressure crack technology, this paper begins with how to solve the water resources problem of shale gas factory fracturing in Sichuan and Chongqing areas. Continuous mixing fracturing fluid and matching technology, shale gas resistance reducing agent and slippery water are studied, and field application analysis is carried out. Through the study of continuous mixing technology, a set of continuous mixing working fluid and field construction technology were formed, and the real time distribution of shale gas was realized. The technology expands the range of available water resources, reduces the amount of liquid tank used in the field, avoids the risk of fracturing fluid storage, reduces the surplus of fracturing fluid, and simplifies the work flow. It not only saves the production cost, but also improves the comprehensive utilization of water resources. The proposed depressant and the shale gas slippery water working fluid system based on it also have the characteristics of efficient utilization of water resources. The present developed shale gas slippery working fluid system with reverse emulsion as the main agent has the advantages of fast dissolution rate, good resistance reduction effect, good shear resistance, simple field use, reusable use and low damage. The slippery water working fluid system has been established for industrial production and has been successfully popularized and applied in shale gas wells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357

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