發(fā)布時間：2018-11-12 20:25

【摘要】：由于傳輸距離長、環(huán)境復雜多變、故障難于檢測等特點,埋地金屬油氣長輸管道腐蝕問題對管道的長期安全穩(wěn)定運行具有重要的影響,一旦發(fā)生腐蝕泄漏必然引發(fā)環(huán)境的嚴重破壞。陰極保護作為一種有效控制腐蝕的重要手段,在油田生產(chǎn)中得到了日益廣泛的應用,因而在特定條件下對其作用機理和應用的研究就顯得十分必要。為了提高埋地金屬管道陰極保護的保護效果,延長管道的使用壽命,在對土壤的腐蝕特性和腐蝕機理進行研究的基礎上對延長油田聯(lián)絡管線破損點位置及防腐層狀況進行了調(diào)研和檢測,并對檢測結(jié)果進行了系統(tǒng)分析,得出了相應的處理方法。首先,對延長油田聯(lián)絡線所處土壤的電阻率、酸堿度、土壤腐蝕電流密度等特性進行研究,獲取了第一手的當?shù)赝寥栏g特性資料,為特定條件下腐蝕特性研究提供有力的依據(jù)。其次,采用交變電流梯度法對延長油田聯(lián)絡線管道破損和防腐層破壞情況進行了檢測,獲取了詳細的管道現(xiàn)場情況的資料,為把握現(xiàn)場腐蝕情況奠定基礎。再次,采用PCM檢測儀對管道防腐層進行檢測,并用CDFFW軟件對管道中的電流進行分析,得出管道外防腐層的絕緣電阻率。最后采用管道電流檢測的方法對管道運行過程中的雜散電流進行檢測,并對雜散電流的產(chǎn)生原理、影響因素、電流來源和排流方案進行分析。通過對聯(lián)絡線河流穿越段以及地勢起伏較大的管段陰極保護系統(tǒng)檢測結(jié)果進行檢測和分析,提出增設陽極保護等輔助保護等解決方案,為管線的運行提供有益的借鑒和支持。
[Abstract]:Due to the characteristics of long transmission distance, complex environment and difficult fault detection, the corrosion problem of buried metal oil and gas pipeline has an important effect on the long term safe and stable operation of pipeline. Once corrosion leakage occurs, it will lead to serious damage to the environment. Cathodic protection, as an important means to control corrosion effectively, has been widely used in oilfield production, so it is necessary to study the mechanism and application of cathodic protection in specific conditions. In order to improve the cathodic protection effect of buried metal pipeline and prolong the service life of pipeline, Based on the study of soil corrosion characteristics and corrosion mechanism, the damage location and anticorrosive coating condition of Yanchang oil field liaison pipeline were investigated and detected, and the results were systematically analyzed, and the corresponding treatment methods were obtained. First of all, the characteristics of resistivity, pH and corrosion current density of the soil in Yanchang Oilfield are studied, and the local soil corrosion characteristics are obtained. It provides a powerful basis for the study of corrosion characteristics under specific conditions. Secondly, alternating current gradient method is used to detect the damage of pipeline and anticorrosion layer in Yanchang Oilfield, and the detailed data of pipeline site are obtained, which lays a foundation for grasping the corrosion situation in the field. Thirdly, the pipeline anticorrosive coating is tested by PCM detector, and the current in the pipeline is analyzed by CDFFW software, and the insulation resistivity of the anticorrosive coating is obtained. Finally, the stray current in the pipeline operation process is detected by the method of pipeline current detection, and the principle of the stray current generation, the influencing factors, the current source and the drainage scheme are analyzed. Through the detection and analysis of the results of cathodic protection system in the river crossing section of tie line and the pipe section with large terrain fluctuation, a solution such as adding anode protection and other auxiliary protection is put forward to provide useful reference and support for the operation of pipeline.
【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE988.2

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