新場(chǎng)須五氣藏混合水壓裂適應(yīng)性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-12 20:14
【摘要】：新場(chǎng)須五致密氣藏位于川西坳陷中段孝泉-豐谷北東東向的大型隆起帶西段,為濱淺湖平原和三角洲前緣沉積,地層埋深2500-3500m,平均厚度500.6m,可分為上、中、下三個(gè)亞段,共含11套砂體,上、下亞段以砂泥巖互層沉積為主,中亞段以泥巖沉積為主,須五上、中、下亞段泥地比分別為0.625、0.768和0.55。該氣藏儲(chǔ)層物性差、孔滲性極低,很難依靠自然產(chǎn)能進(jìn)行工業(yè)開(kāi)采。但該儲(chǔ)層主力層系有利區(qū)儲(chǔ)量7.85×1010m3,具有極大的開(kāi)發(fā)潛力。根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外非常規(guī)天然氣開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn),采用大規(guī)模的降阻水壓裂,獲得較大的改造體積是實(shí)現(xiàn)此類(lèi)氣藏開(kāi)發(fā)的有效技術(shù)。然而,須五砂、泥巖互層,儲(chǔ)層特征復(fù)雜,采用降阻水壓裂容易形成大面積的無(wú)效裂縫,導(dǎo)致壓裂井產(chǎn)量低且穩(wěn)產(chǎn)時(shí)間短。經(jīng)調(diào)研,采用降阻水、線性膠或交聯(lián)液等多種液體協(xié)作進(jìn)行壓裂改造的混合水壓裂可彌補(bǔ)降阻水壓裂存在的不足,在獲得較大的改造體積的同時(shí),還能通過(guò)交聯(lián)液提高支撐劑量,對(duì)裂縫實(shí)現(xiàn)有效支撐。然而,混合水壓裂的增產(chǎn)機(jī)理至今仍不十分明確,在砂、泥巖互層的情況下是否適用也有待驗(yàn)證。本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外混合水壓裂技術(shù)及其增產(chǎn)機(jī)理調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,首先對(duì)混合水壓裂的增產(chǎn)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步研究,利用langmiur等溫吸附方程和等效滲流原理分析了混合水壓裂改造模式下氣體的滲流、增產(chǎn)機(jī)理以及在微裂縫存在的情況下,主裂縫滲透率對(duì)砂巖、泥頁(yè)巖氣藏產(chǎn)能的影響;采用透明的人工裂縫模擬裝置和FracproPT 2007軟件對(duì)混合水壓裂鋪砂剖面、裂縫形態(tài)進(jìn)行了模擬研究;并利用壓裂酸化裂縫導(dǎo)流能力測(cè)試分析系統(tǒng)對(duì)混合水壓裂鋪砂方式下的支撐劑導(dǎo)流能力進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:①提高裂縫導(dǎo)流能力、縫網(wǎng)復(fù)雜程度、裂縫控制體積,能有效降低泥頁(yè)巖儲(chǔ)層的壓力、加快吸附氣解吸、提高產(chǎn)能,促進(jìn)儲(chǔ)層快速開(kāi)發(fā);②在微裂縫存在的情況下,提高主裂縫滲透率(導(dǎo)流能力),能加速致密砂巖氣藏的開(kāi)采速度,提高泥頁(yè)巖氣藏壓裂井的產(chǎn)能;③混合水壓裂在通過(guò)提高支撐劑量對(duì)裂縫進(jìn)行有效支撐的同時(shí),還可使縫內(nèi)鋪砂方式為非均勻鋪置,形成低滲流阻力通道;④混合水壓裂能獲得較長(zhǎng)的支撐裂縫以及較大的改造體積和有效改造體積;⑤混合水壓裂鋪砂方式能獲得比常規(guī)均勻鋪砂方式更高的導(dǎo)流能力。然后,從儲(chǔ)層巖石脆性指數(shù)、裂縫發(fā)育情況、地應(yīng)力特征、地層可壓裂性4個(gè)方面對(duì)混合水壓裂在新場(chǎng)須五致密氣藏中的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行了分析。研究表明,①新場(chǎng)須五致密氣藏砂巖脆性礦物含量主要分布在60%~80%之間,泥頁(yè)巖脆性礦物含量主要分布在30%~80%之間,全段平均力學(xué)脆性指數(shù)在50%左右,具有形成裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)的條件,適合采用混合水壓裂;②須五氣藏儲(chǔ)層部分層段天然裂縫較發(fā)育,天然裂縫以低角度縫為主,易于溝通,具有形成裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可能,宜采用混合水壓裂;③新場(chǎng)須五致密氣藏儲(chǔ)層水平應(yīng)力差異較大(20MPa),不利于形成復(fù)雜裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò),但混合水壓裂相對(duì)其它壓裂液仍具有優(yōu)勢(shì),需與其它縫網(wǎng)壓裂工藝技術(shù)結(jié)合;④新場(chǎng)須五儲(chǔ)層各亞段基本都具備大規(guī)模、大排量壓裂的條件;總體上地層越深可壓性越差,但各亞段存在甜點(diǎn)分布。最后根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,對(duì)混合水壓裂的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),所有施工井的順利施工、XC1井壓裂微地震監(jiān)測(cè)到的改造體積(8.55×107m3)以及XC1井的高產(chǎn)(7.78×104m3/d)充分說(shuō)明混合水壓裂在新場(chǎng)須五致密氣藏具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,同時(shí)XC2H井未獲得較高的產(chǎn)量亦說(shuō)明,仍需對(duì)混合水壓裂在砂泥巖互層的儲(chǔ)層中的增產(chǎn)機(jī)理進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析,然后結(jié)合儲(chǔ)層地質(zhì)特征對(duì)混合水壓裂工藝技術(shù)體系進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化研究,如低傷害壓裂液體系以及合適的施工參數(shù)等。
[Abstract]:The new field shall be 5 dense gas, which is located in the western section of the large uplift belt in the middle section of the middle section of the western Sichuan depression. It is a shallow lake plain and delta front. The depth of the formation is 2500-3500m, and the average thickness is 500. 6m. It can be divided into upper, middle and lower three sub-sections, including 11 sets of sand bodies. The lower sub-section is mainly composed of sand-mudstone interbed, and the middle-Asia section is dominated by mudstone, and the mud-to-ground ratio of the upper and lower sub-sections is 0.625, 0.768 and 0.55, respectively. The gas reservoir has poor physical property and low porosity, and it is difficult to rely on natural productivity for industrial exploitation. however, that reserve of the main lay of the reservoir is 7.85-1010m3, which has great potential for development. According to the experience of non-conventional natural gas development at home and abroad, a large-scale water-drop-resistance hydraulic fracturing is adopted to obtain a large transformation volume, which is an effective technique for realizing such gas storage and development. However, it is necessary to have five sand and mudstone interbeds. The reservoir is characterized by complex characteristics. It is easy to form a large area of invalid crack by adopting the pressure-drop water pressure crack, which leads to the low yield of the fracturing well and the short production period. According to the research, the mixed water pressure crack of fracturing and modification by using various liquid such as drop-resistance water, linear glue or cross-linking liquid can be used for making up the deficiency of the pressure-reducing water pressure crack, and at the same time, the support dosage can be improved through the cross-linking liquid, and the fracture can be effectively supported. However, the mechanism of increasing the yield of mixed hydraulic fracturing is still not very clear, and whether it is applicable to sand and mudstone interlayers is still to be verified. In this paper, on the basis of the research of the mixed hydraulic fracturing technology at home and abroad and the research on the mechanism of increasing the yield, the mechanism of increasing the yield of the mixed water pressure is studied, and the flow of gas under the mixed hydraulic fracturing and reforming mode is analyzed by the langmiur isothermal adsorption equation and the equivalent seepage principle. The effect of main crack permeability on the gas storage capacity of sandstone and mud shale was studied in the presence of micro-cracks, and the fracture morphology was simulated by using the transparent artificial crack simulation device and the FractionPT 2007 software. and the proppant flow-guiding capability of the mixed hydraulic fracturing sand-laying mode is tested by using a fracturing and acidizing fracture flow-guiding capability test and analysis system. The results show that the system can effectively reduce the pressure of the shale reservoir, accelerate the desorption of the adsorption gas, improve the production capacity and promote the rapid development of the reservoir, improve the permeability of the main crack (flow guiding ability), can accelerate the mining speed of the dense sandstone gas storage, and improve the production capacity of the mud shale gas storage fracturing well, and a low-seepage resistance channel is formed; the high-pressure mixed water pressure crack can obtain a long support crack and a larger transformation volume and an effective transformation volume; and the mixed hydraulic fracturing sand-laying mode can obtain higher flow-guiding capability than that of the conventional uniform sand-laying mode. Then, the adaptability of the mixed water pressure crack in the five-tight gas reservoir of the new field is analyzed from the rock-brittle index of the reservoir, the development of the fracture, the ground stress and the fracturing of the formation. The results show that the main distribution of the brittle mineral content of the five dense gas storage sandstone in the new field is between 60% and 80%, the main distribution of the brittle mineral content of the shale is between 30% and 80%, the average mechanical brittleness index of the whole section is about 50%, and the condition of forming the crack network is suitable for the use of mixed hydraulic fracturing; The natural fracture of the part of the reservoir part of the five-gas-gas-storage reservoir is relatively developed, and the natural fracture is dominated by low-angle joints, is easy to communicate, and has the possibility of forming a crack network, and the mixed hydraulic fracturing is suitable; and the horizontal stress difference of the five-tight gas-storage reservoir in the new field is larger (20MPa). It is not conducive to the formation of complex crack networks, but the mixed hydraulic fracturing has an advantage relative to other fracturing fluid, and it is necessary to be combined with other fracture network fracturing technology. Each sub-section of the new field is basically provided with the conditions of large-scale and large-displacement fracturing, and the higher the total formation is, the higher the pressure resistance, however, there is a sweet spot distribution in each sub-segment. and finally, the adaptability of the mixed water pressure crack is evaluated according to the on-site test result, and the smooth construction of all the construction wells is carried out, The modified volume (8.55-107m3) and the high yield (7.78-104m3/ d) of the XC1 well in the XC1 well are fully explained, and the high yield (7.78-104m3/ d) of the XC1 well shows that the mixed hydraulic fracturing has strong adaptability to the five-tight gas reservoir of the new field, and the high yield of the XC2H well is also described. It is still necessary to further analyze the increasing mechanism of the mixed hydraulic fracturing in the reservoir of the interbedded sand and mudstone, and then to further optimize the mixed hydraulic fracturing technology system with the reservoir geological characteristics, such as the low-damage fracturing fluid system and the appropriate construction parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE377
本文編號(hào)：2328100
[Abstract]:The new field shall be 5 dense gas, which is located in the western section of the large uplift belt in the middle section of the middle section of the western Sichuan depression. It is a shallow lake plain and delta front. The depth of the formation is 2500-3500m, and the average thickness is 500. 6m. It can be divided into upper, middle and lower three sub-sections, including 11 sets of sand bodies. The lower sub-section is mainly composed of sand-mudstone interbed, and the middle-Asia section is dominated by mudstone, and the mud-to-ground ratio of the upper and lower sub-sections is 0.625, 0.768 and 0.55, respectively. The gas reservoir has poor physical property and low porosity, and it is difficult to rely on natural productivity for industrial exploitation. however, that reserve of the main lay of the reservoir is 7.85-1010m3, which has great potential for development. According to the experience of non-conventional natural gas development at home and abroad, a large-scale water-drop-resistance hydraulic fracturing is adopted to obtain a large transformation volume, which is an effective technique for realizing such gas storage and development. However, it is necessary to have five sand and mudstone interbeds. The reservoir is characterized by complex characteristics. It is easy to form a large area of invalid crack by adopting the pressure-drop water pressure crack, which leads to the low yield of the fracturing well and the short production period. According to the research, the mixed water pressure crack of fracturing and modification by using various liquid such as drop-resistance water, linear glue or cross-linking liquid can be used for making up the deficiency of the pressure-reducing water pressure crack, and at the same time, the support dosage can be improved through the cross-linking liquid, and the fracture can be effectively supported. However, the mechanism of increasing the yield of mixed hydraulic fracturing is still not very clear, and whether it is applicable to sand and mudstone interlayers is still to be verified. In this paper, on the basis of the research of the mixed hydraulic fracturing technology at home and abroad and the research on the mechanism of increasing the yield, the mechanism of increasing the yield of the mixed water pressure is studied, and the flow of gas under the mixed hydraulic fracturing and reforming mode is analyzed by the langmiur isothermal adsorption equation and the equivalent seepage principle. The effect of main crack permeability on the gas storage capacity of sandstone and mud shale was studied in the presence of micro-cracks, and the fracture morphology was simulated by using the transparent artificial crack simulation device and the FractionPT 2007 software. and the proppant flow-guiding capability of the mixed hydraulic fracturing sand-laying mode is tested by using a fracturing and acidizing fracture flow-guiding capability test and analysis system. The results show that the system can effectively reduce the pressure of the shale reservoir, accelerate the desorption of the adsorption gas, improve the production capacity and promote the rapid development of the reservoir, improve the permeability of the main crack (flow guiding ability), can accelerate the mining speed of the dense sandstone gas storage, and improve the production capacity of the mud shale gas storage fracturing well, and a low-seepage resistance channel is formed; the high-pressure mixed water pressure crack can obtain a long support crack and a larger transformation volume and an effective transformation volume; and the mixed hydraulic fracturing sand-laying mode can obtain higher flow-guiding capability than that of the conventional uniform sand-laying mode. Then, the adaptability of the mixed water pressure crack in the five-tight gas reservoir of the new field is analyzed from the rock-brittle index of the reservoir, the development of the fracture, the ground stress and the fracturing of the formation. The results show that the main distribution of the brittle mineral content of the five dense gas storage sandstone in the new field is between 60% and 80%, the main distribution of the brittle mineral content of the shale is between 30% and 80%, the average mechanical brittleness index of the whole section is about 50%, and the condition of forming the crack network is suitable for the use of mixed hydraulic fracturing; The natural fracture of the part of the reservoir part of the five-gas-gas-storage reservoir is relatively developed, and the natural fracture is dominated by low-angle joints, is easy to communicate, and has the possibility of forming a crack network, and the mixed hydraulic fracturing is suitable; and the horizontal stress difference of the five-tight gas-storage reservoir in the new field is larger (20MPa). It is not conducive to the formation of complex crack networks, but the mixed hydraulic fracturing has an advantage relative to other fracturing fluid, and it is necessary to be combined with other fracture network fracturing technology. Each sub-section of the new field is basically provided with the conditions of large-scale and large-displacement fracturing, and the higher the total formation is, the higher the pressure resistance, however, there is a sweet spot distribution in each sub-segment. and finally, the adaptability of the mixed water pressure crack is evaluated according to the on-site test result, and the smooth construction of all the construction wells is carried out, The modified volume (8.55-107m3) and the high yield (7.78-104m3/ d) of the XC1 well in the XC1 well are fully explained, and the high yield (7.78-104m3/ d) of the XC1 well shows that the mixed hydraulic fracturing has strong adaptability to the five-tight gas reservoir of the new field, and the high yield of the XC2H well is also described. It is still necessary to further analyze the increasing mechanism of the mixed hydraulic fracturing in the reservoir of the interbedded sand and mudstone, and then to further optimize the mixed hydraulic fracturing technology system with the reservoir geological characteristics, such as the low-damage fracturing fluid system and the appropriate construction parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE377
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 王素兵;;清水壓裂工藝技術(shù)綜述[J];天然氣勘探與開(kāi)發(fā);2005年04期
2 茍波;郭建春;;頁(yè)巖水平井體積壓裂設(shè)計(jì)的一種新方法[J];現(xiàn)代地質(zhì);2013年01期
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