【摘要】：在我國低滲氣藏分布廣泛,其儲量在整個(gè)天然氣儲量中占據(jù)著相當(dāng)大的比重。低滲氣藏由于其孔喉細(xì)微、比表面積大、滲透率低,滲流機(jī)理十分復(fù)雜,若還是采用常規(guī)中高滲氣藏的分析方法去評價(jià)低滲氣藏的產(chǎn)能,導(dǎo)致會導(dǎo)致分析結(jié)果往往過于樂觀。因此,亟需對低滲氣藏的滲流機(jī)理和產(chǎn)能進(jìn)行研究。以低滲氣藏的產(chǎn)能為研究目標(biāo),在系統(tǒng)調(diào)研國內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)之上,深入系統(tǒng)地分析了低滲氣藏低滲的滲流機(jī)理,包括低速非線性效應(yīng)、啟動壓力梯度、應(yīng)力敏感性以及高速非達(dá)西。而目前對于低滲氣藏滲流機(jī)理的研究多是參照低滲油藏的思路來展開的,沒有結(jié)合低滲氣藏實(shí)際的物性特征和滲流規(guī)律。導(dǎo)致分析出的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)誤差。將以上的氣藏特殊滲流機(jī)理考慮進(jìn)模型里,建立直井、垂直壓裂井和水平井的產(chǎn)能方程。對于直井,分別建立在達(dá)西、高速非達(dá)西、啟動壓力梯度、滑脫效應(yīng)及應(yīng)力敏感的情況下,穩(wěn)態(tài)和不穩(wěn)態(tài)的產(chǎn)能方程。最終綜合考慮多因素,建立穩(wěn)態(tài)產(chǎn)能方程。對于垂直壓裂井,分別用線性流+徑向流模型和橢圓流模型,考慮有限導(dǎo)流和無限導(dǎo)流情況下,建立產(chǎn)能方程,并對比運(yùn)算結(jié)果。對于水平井,利用橢圓流模型建立綜合考慮多因素的產(chǎn)能方程。最終,對影響氣井產(chǎn)能的不同參數(shù)進(jìn)行敏感性分析。最后,分析了由于對機(jī)理認(rèn)識不清所導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)能曲線的異常原因,包括啟動壓力梯度、滑脫效應(yīng)和應(yīng)力敏感等,并給出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法。結(jié)合低滲氣藏的特殊滲流機(jī)理,推導(dǎo)出針對低滲氣藏滲流特征的一點(diǎn)法產(chǎn)能公式。
[Abstract]:Low permeability gas reservoirs are widely distributed in China, and their reserves occupy a large proportion of the total natural gas reserves. Because of its fine pore throat, large specific surface area, low permeability and complicated percolation mechanism, the low permeability gas reservoir can be used to evaluate the productivity of low permeability gas reservoir if the conventional analysis method of medium and high permeability gas reservoir is adopted, which will lead to too optimistic analysis results. Therefore, it is urgent to study the percolation mechanism and productivity of low permeability gas reservoirs. Taking the productivity of low permeability gas reservoir as the research goal, and on the basis of systematic investigation and research results at home and abroad, the percolation mechanism of low permeability gas reservoir is analyzed in depth and systematically, including low speed nonlinear effect, starting pressure gradient. Stress sensitivity and high speed non-Darcy. At present, the research on the percolation mechanism of low permeability gas reservoir is carried out according to the thinking of low permeability reservoir, and there is no combination of physical characteristics and percolation law of low permeability gas reservoir. The result of the analysis is error. Taking the special percolation mechanism into account, the productivity equations of vertical fracturing wells and horizontal wells are established. For vertical wells, the productivity equations of steady and unsteady state are established under the conditions of Darcy, high speed non-Darcy, starting pressure gradient, slippage effect and stress sensitivity respectively. Finally, considering the multiple factors, the steady productivity equation is established. For vertical fracturing wells, linear radial flow model and elliptical flow model are used to establish productivity equations under the condition of finite and infinite diversion, respectively, and the calculation results are compared. For horizontal wells, an elliptical flow model is used to establish a productivity equation with comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. Finally, sensitivity analysis of different parameters affecting gas well productivity is carried out. Finally, the abnormal causes of productivity curve caused by unclear understanding of the mechanism are analyzed, including starting pressure gradient, slip effect and stress sensitivity, and the corresponding solutions are given. Combined with the special percolation mechanism of low permeability gas reservoir, a one-point productivity formula for percolation characteristics of low permeability gas reservoir is derived.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312;TE328

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